Ginseng

人参
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    人参,一种重要的药用植物,以其主要活性成分为特征,人参皂苷。在40多种人参皂苷中,Rg1是用于测定人参质量的人参皂苷之一。因此,Rg1生物合成基因的鉴定和表征对于阐明Rg1生物合成的分子基础很重要。在这项研究中,我们利用了吉林省344个核心人参品种的39,327个SNP和相应的Rg1含量。我们进行了全基因组关联研究(GWAS)结合加权基因共表达网络分析(WGCNA),SNP-Rg1含量关联分析,和基因共表达网络分析;鉴定了三个候选Rg1基因(PgRg1-1,PgRg1-2和PgRg1-3)和一个关键候选基因(PgRg1-3)。使用茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)调节和RNAi进行PgRg1-3的功能验证,证实该基因调节Rg1生物合成。PgRg1-3基因和已知参与人参皂苷生物合成的关键酶基因的时空表达模式不同。此外,它们的网络变化对Rg1的生物合成有显著影响。本研究建立了一种准确、高效的候选基因鉴定方法,克隆了一个控制Rg1生物合成的新基因,并鉴定出73个与Rg1含量显著相关的SNP。这为进一步探索Rg1生物合成的分子机制和分子育种提供了遗传资源和有效工具。
    Ginseng, an important medicinal plant, is characterized by its main active component, ginsenosides. Among more than 40 ginsenosides, Rg1 is one of the ginsenosides used for measuring the quality of ginseng. Therefore, the identification and characterization of genes for Rg1 biosynthesis are important to elucidate the molecular basis of Rg1 biosynthesis. In this study, we utilized 39,327 SNPs and the corresponding Rg1 content from 344 core ginseng cultivars from Jilin Province. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) combining weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), SNP-Rg1 content association analysis, and gene co-expression network analysis; three candidate Rg1 genes (PgRg1-1, PgRg1-2, and PgRg1-3) and one crucial candidate gene (PgRg1-3) were identified. Functional validation of PgRg1-3 was performed using methyl jasmonate (MeJA) regulation and RNAi, confirming that this gene regulates Rg1 biosynthesis. The spatial-temporal expression patterns of the PgRg1-3 gene and known key enzyme genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis differ. Furthermore, variations in their networks have a significant impact on Rg1 biosynthesis. This study established an accurate and efficient method for identifying candidate genes, cloned a novel gene controlling Rg1 biosynthesis, and identified 73 SNPs significantly associated with Rg1 content. This provides genetic resources and effective tools for further exploring the molecular mechanisms of Rg1 biosynthesis and molecular breeding.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    白血病是一种具有高死亡率和发病率的流行疾病。目前的治疗方法是昂贵的并且具有副作用。
    在这次调查中,我们回顾了研究人参皂苷衍生物对白血病的抗癌作用的研究,并分别解释了三种主要的人参皂苷衍生物(人参皂苷Rg3,Rh2和Rg1)。
    在Pubmed中进行了广泛的搜索,WebofScience,和Google学者以及研究人参皂苷衍生物对白血病的抗癌作用的相关研究进行了综述。
    临床前研究报道人参皂苷衍生物可诱导细胞凋亡,抑制癌细胞的增殖,并诱导白血病细胞分化和细胞周期阻滞。此外,它可以抑制趋化因子活性和骨髓白血病细胞的髓外浸润。使用草药及其衍生物是解决当前健康问题的一种有前途的方法。
    这篇综述表明,人参皂苷衍生物可以通过多种途径潜在地抑制白血病细胞的生长,可以作为一种新的天然药物应用于未来的临床研究。
    UNASSIGNED: Leukemia is a prevalent disease with high mortality and morbidity rates. Current therapeutic approaches are expensive and have side effects.
    UNASSIGNED: In this investigation, we reviewed studies that investigated the anticancer effects of ginsenoside derivatives against leukemia and also explained the three main Ginsenoside derivatives (ginsenoside Rg3, Rh2, and Rg1) separately.
    UNASSIGNED: An extensive search was conducted in Pubmed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar and relevant studies that investigated anticancer effects of ginsenoside derivatives against leukemia cancer were extracted and reviewed.
    UNASSIGNED: Preclinical studies reported that ginsenoside derivatives can induce apoptosis, suppress the proliferation of cancer cells, and induce differentiation and cell cycle arrest in leukemia cells. in addition, it can suppress the chemokine activity and extramedullary infiltration of leukemia cells from bone marrow. using herbal medicine and its derivatives is a promising approach to current health problems.
    UNASSIGNED: This review shows that ginsenoside derivatives can potentially suppress the growth of leukemia cells via various pathways and can be applied as a new natural medicine for future clinical research.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目的:本研究评估是否富含多酚的补充剂含有Bacopamonnieri(BM:300毫克),西洋参(PQ:100mg)和全咖啡果实提取物(WCFE:100mg)可以增强认知能力,影响和大脑皮层激活超过28天的干预。方法:随机,双盲,安慰剂对照,对52名35~65岁的健康成人进行了组间研究(M=50.20,SD=9.37).认知的衡量标准,在三个时间点测量影响和大脑活动:基线,干预后28天和冲洗后14天。在每个时间点,使用功能近红外光谱(fNIRS)测量前额叶皮质(PFC)的血液动力学反应,血清脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)。结果:与安慰剂相比,富含多酚的补充剂在补充28天后可靠地改善了积极的影响和延迟的回忆。对于大脑来说,与安慰剂相比,处于活动状态的患者在补充2-back任务后表现出更高的PFC激活(p<.05,d=0.6).讨论:这是28天补充干预和2周随访研究的第一份报告,以评估情感变化,认知,健康中年人的脑血流动力学反应和BDNF。多酚类化合物通过情绪-认知加工和认知储备对中年人神经认知功能的潜在协同作用对促进大脑和认知健康具有重要意义。
    Objective: This study assessed whether polyphenolic rich supplement containing Bacopa monnieri (BM: 300 mg), Panax quinquefolius ginseng (PQ: 100 mg) and whole coffee fruit extract (WCFE: 100 mg) could enhance cognitive performance, affect and cerebral-cortical activation over 28-days of intervention.Method: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-group study of 52 healthy adults between 35 and 65 years (M = 50.20, SD = 9.37) was conducted. Measures of cognition, affect and brain activity were measured at three time points: baseline, 28 days post intervention and 14 days post washout. At each time point, haemodynamic response in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).Results: The polyphenolic-rich supplement reliably improved positive affect and delayed recall compared to placebo following 28 days of supplementation. For the brain, those in the active condition showed greater PFC activation on performance of the 2-back tasks post supplementation compared to placebo (p < .05, d = 0.6).Discussion: This is the first report of a 28-day supplement intervention and 2-week follow-up study to assess changes in affect, cognition, cerebral haemodynamic response and BDNF in healthy middle-aged adults. The potential synergistic effects of polyphenolic compounds on neurocognitive function in middle-aged adults through emotional-cognitive processing and cognitive reserve are important for promoting brain and cognitive health.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    红参是一种具有许多药用特性和辅助漱口液的草药,副作用比氯己定少。
    该研究旨在比较红参草药漱口液与氯己定和盐水对口腔癌患者的疗效。
    本先导研究是一项双盲随机对照试验,对45例经组织病理学诊断的口腔鳞状细胞癌患者,分为三组:两个干预组(草药和洗必泰漱口液)和一个对照组(盐水)。在基线和使用漱口液14天后收集每位患者的唾液样品。通过分析总口腔细菌载量以及基线和使用漱口水后牙龈卟啉单胞菌和核梭杆菌的特定计数,对唾液样品进行微生物学检查。
    使用Shapiro-Wilk检验分析了数据的正态性,遵循数据的正态分布,采用参数检验。配对t检验和单向方差分析,接下来是事后的Bonferroni测试,用于组间和组内差异。
    总菌落计数存在显着差异,具核梭杆菌,与氯己定和生理盐水组相比,红参草药漱口液组的口腔卫生指数和牙龈卟啉单胞菌改善。
    在这项研究中,与氯己定和生理盐水相比,红参漱口液的抗菌作用增强。因此,红参漱口液可用于口腔癌患者维护口腔健康,从而改善这些患者的预后。
    UNASSIGNED: Red ginseng is an herb with many medicinal properties and aids as a mouth rinse with fewer side effects than chlorhexidine.
    UNASSIGNED: The study aimed to compare the efficacy of red ginseng herbal mouth rinses with those of chlorhexidine and saline in oral cancer patients.
    UNASSIGNED: The present pilot study was a double-blinded randomized control trial with 45 histopathologically diagnosed oral squamous cell carcinoma patients divided into three groups: two intervention groups (herbal and chlorhexidine mouth rinse) and one control group (saline). Saliva samples for each patient were collected at baseline and after 14 days of using the mouth rinses. A microbiological examination of salivary samples was done by analysing total oral bacterial load along with specific counts for Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum at baseline and after the usage of mouth rinse.
    UNASSIGNED: The data normality was analysed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and following the normal distribution of data, parametric tests were employed. Paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance, followed by post hoc Bonferroni test, were used for inter-group and intra-group differences.
    UNASSIGNED: There was a significant mean difference in total colony count, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis with oral hygiene index and gingival index improvement in the red ginseng herbal mouth rinse group when compared to the chlorhexidine and saline groups.
    UNASSIGNED: In this study, red ginseng mouth rinse exhibited an increased antibacterial effect compared to chlorhexidine and saline. Hence, red ginseng mouth rinse can be used in oral cancer patients to maintain oral health, thereby improving the prognosis of these patients.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    Gintonin是人参的一种新材料,它通过人参衍生的溶血磷脂酸(LPA)受体配体起作用。富含Gintonin的部分(GEF)抑制皮质和海马中淀粉样蛋白斑块的积累,通过增加乙酰胆碱水平改善认知功能障碍,在阿尔茨海默病动物模型中促进海马神经发生。我们评估了GEF对主观记忆障碍(SMI)受试者认知能力的影响。
    在这八周中,随机化,评估者和参与者失明,安慰剂对照研究,SMI患者被分配到接受安慰剂的三组,GEF300毫克/天或GEF600毫克/天。韩国版本的阿尔茨海默病评估量表(K-ADAS),小型精神状态检查(K-MMSE),和Stroop颜色词测试(K-SCWT)也与安全性一起进行了评估.
    136名参与者完成了这项研究。八周后,我们分析了主要或次要结局评分变化的组间差异.当我们比较GEF组和安慰剂组时,我们观察到K-ADAS和K-SCWT评分显著改善.与安慰剂组相比,GEF组的K-MMSE和BDI评分没有显着改善。在Gintonin和安慰剂组8周内未观察到不良事件。
    在本研究中,GEF在改善与K-ADAS和K-SCWT相关的主观认知障碍方面是安全有效的。然而,除了K-ADAS和K-SCWT外,还需要进一步的大规模随机对照研究来确保其他认知功能测试,并确认当前研究的结果。
    UNASSIGNED: Gintonin is a new material of ginseng that acts through the ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand. The gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) inhibits amyloid plaque accumulation in the cortex and hippocampus, improves cognitive dysfunction by increasing acetylcholine levels, and promoted hippocampal neurogenesis in an animal model of Alzheimer\'s disease. We evaluated the effect of the GEF on the cognitive performance of subjects with subjective memory impairment (SMI).
    UNASSIGNED: In this eight-week, randomized, assessor- and participant-blinded, placebo-controlled study, participants with SMI were assigned to three groups receiving placebo, GEF 300 mg/day or GEF 600 mg/day. The Korean versions of the Alzheimer\'s Disease Assessment Scale (K-ADAS), Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), and Stroop color-word test (K-SCWT) were also evaluated along with the safety profiles.
    UNASSIGNED: One hundred thirty-six participants completed the study. After eight weeks, we analyzed intergroup differences in primary or secondary outcome score changes. When we compared the GEF group with the placebo group, we observed significant improvements in the K-ADAS and K-SCWT scores. The GEF group did not show a significant improvement in K-MMSE and BDI scores compared to the placebo group. No adverse events were observed in the gintonin and placebo groups for eight weeks.
    UNASSIGNED: The GEF is safe and effective in improving subjective cognitive impairment related to both the K-ADAS and K-SCWT in this study. However, further large-scale and randomized controlled studies are warranted to secure other cognitive function tests besides the K-ADAS and K-SCWT, and to confirm the findings of the current study.
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  • 文章类型: Multicenter Study
    背景:癌症相关性疲劳(CRF)是晚期癌症患者常见的衰弱症状,尤其是那些正在接受抗肿瘤治疗的患者。本研究旨在评价仁生本(RSGB)口服溶液的疗效和安全性,以人参为基础的中药,减轻接受抗肿瘤治疗的晚期肝细胞癌(HCC)患者的CRF。
    方法:在此前瞻性中,开放标签,控制,多中心研究,纳入BCLCC期晚期HCC患者,且疲劳量表(BFI)评分≥4分.参与者被分配到RSGB组(RSGB,每天两次10mL)或对照组(采用支持性护理)。主要和次要终点是多维疲劳清单(MFI)评分的变化,纳入后第4周和第8周的BFI和癌症治疗肝胆(FACT-Hep)评分的功能评估。评估不良事件(AE)和毒性。
    结果:共纳入409名参与者,206分配给RSGB组。在第4周,有改善的趋势,但差异无统计学意义。在第8周,与对照组相比,RSGB组的MFI评分显着降低(P<0.05)。表明疲劳水平改善。此外,RSGB组BFI和FACT-Hep评分在第8周显著降低(P<0.05)。接受各种抗肿瘤治疗的患者的亚组分析显示出相似的结果。多元线性回归分析显示,RSGB组MFI显著下降,BFI,和第8周的FACT-Hep得分。没有观察到严重的药物相关AE或毒性。
    结论:RSGB口服液可有效降低接受抗肿瘤治疗的晚期HCC患者8周的CRF,没有明显的毒性。这些发现支持RSGB口服溶液作为该患者群体中管理CRF的辅助治疗的潜力。
    BACKGROUND: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common and debilitating symptom experienced by patients with advanced-stage cancer, especially those undergoing antitumor therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Renshenguben (RSGB) oral solution, a ginseng-based traditional Chinese medicine, in alleviating CRF in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving antitumor treatment.
    METHODS: In this prospective, open-label, controlled, multicenter study, patients with advanced HCC at BCLC stage C and a brief fatigue inventory (BFI) score of ≥ 4 were enrolled. Participants were assigned to the RSGB group (RSGB, 10 mL twice daily) or the control group (with supportive care). Primary and secondary endpoints were the change in multidimensional fatigue inventory (MFI) score, and BFI and functional assessment of cancer therapy-hepatobiliary (FACT-Hep) scores at weeks 4 and 8 after enrollment. Adverse events (AEs) and toxicities were assessed.
    RESULTS: A total of 409 participants were enrolled, with 206 assigned to the RSGB group. At week 4, there was a trend towards improvement, but the differences were not statistically significant. At week 8, the RSGB group exhibited a significantly lower MFI score (P < 0.05) compared to the control group, indicating improved fatigue levels. Additionally, the RSGB group showed significantly greater decrease in BFI and FACT-Hep scores at week 8 (P < 0.05). Subgroup analyses among patients receiving various antitumor treatments showed similar results. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that the RSGB group experienced a significantly substantial decrease in MFI, BFI, and FACT-Hep scores at week 8. No serious drug-related AEs or toxicities were observed.
    CONCLUSIONS: RSGB oral solution effectively reduced CRF in patients with advanced HCC undergoing antitumor therapy over an eight-week period, with no discernible toxicities. These findings support the potential of RSGB oral solution as an adjunctive treatment for managing CRF in this patient population.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    乳腺癌是目前最常见的恶性肿瘤,死亡率高。人参皂苷,人参的主要生物活性成分,已被证明在体外和体内对乳腺癌都非常有效。本研究旨在全面了解人参皂苷对乳腺癌的抗肿瘤作用机制。通过细致的文献计量分析和对相关研究的详尽回顾,探讨和总结人参皂苷治疗乳腺癌的作用机制,包括诱导细胞凋亡,自噬,抑制上皮-间质转化和转移,调节miRNA和lncRNA。这一研究成果不仅为人参皂苷在乳腺癌治疗中的应用提供了新的前景,也为研究人员提出了未来的研究方向。
    Breast cancer is currently the most common malignancy and has a high mortality rate. Ginsenosides, the primary bioactive constituents of ginseng, have been shown to be highly effective against breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. This study aims to comprehensively understand the mechanisms underlying the antineoplastic effects of ginsenosides on breast cancer. Through meticulous bibliometric analysis and an exhaustive review of pertinent research, we explore and summarize the mechanism of action of ginsenosides in treating breast cancer, including inducing apoptosis, autophagy, inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis, and regulating miRNA and lncRNA. This scholarly endeavor not only provides novel prospects for the application of ginsenosides in the treatment of breast cancer but also suggests future research directions for researchers.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:压力和日常问题可能会影响记忆和认知。因此,许多人使用认知增强剂(CE),卖给处方,作为非处方药,或者膳食补充剂,相信他们可以帮助日常运作。我们的研究旨在回答在医科大学学生中服用CEs是否常见,并确定主要使用哪些物质。
    结果:波兰医学(88%)和牙科(12%)学院的479名学生回答了匿名在线问卷。女性占受访者的大多数(63%)。53%的受访者使用了CEs,最常见的是咖啡因,人参,尼古丁,茶氨酸,银杏,还有卵磷脂.有些人使用只有处方才能使用的CE。使用CEs的最重要原因是增加唤醒和提高浓度(81%和73%提到,分别)。超过65%的学生在服用CEs后经历了一些不良/不良反应,心动过速是最常见的,其次是睡眠障碍(分别为51%和40%,分别)。
    结论:超过一半的医学和牙科院系受访者报告使用CEs,尽管它们的疗效未经证实,安全性也不是很好。这引起了人们对年轻人对CEs的了解的极大关注,并应鼓励大学采取教育行动。
    BACKGROUND: Stress and everyday problems may impact memory and cognition. Therefore, many people use cognitive enhancers (CEs), sold for prescription, as over-the-counter drugs, or dietary supplements, believing they may help with everyday functioning. Our study was designed to answer whether taking CEs is common among Medical University students and to identify which substances are mainly used.
    RESULTS: An anonymous online questionnaire was answered by 479 students of Medical (88%) and Dentistry (12%) Faculties in Poland. Women constituted the majority of respondents (63%). CEs were used by 53% of respondents, with the most frequent being caffeine, ginseng, nicotine, theanine, ginkgo, and lecithin. Some persons used CEs that are available only with a prescription. The most important reasons for the use of CEs were to increase arousal and improve concentration (mentioned by 81% and 73%, respectively). Over 65% of students experienced some undesired/adverse effects after taking CEs, with tachycardia being the most common, followed by sleep disturbances (reported by 51% and 40%, respectively).
    CONCLUSIONS: More than half of the respondents from the Medical and Dentistry Faculties reported using CEs, despite their unproven efficacy and not-well-established safety. This raises significant concern about the knowledge of young persons regarding CEs and should encourage universities to undertake educational actions.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:人参已在亚洲国家普遍用于促进长寿和健康已有2000多年的历史。最近的体外和体内研究,加上有限的流行病学研究,有人认为,经常食用人参可能与降低癌症风险有关。
    目的:我们在中国女性中进行的一项大型队列研究中,评估了人参消费与总癌症和15种特定部位癌症风险的关系。鉴于以前关于人参消费和癌症风险的文献,我们假设食用人参可能与不同的癌症风险有关.
    方法:本研究包括上海妇女健康研究(SWHS)的65,732名女性参与者(平均年龄:52.2岁),正在进行的前瞻性队列研究。基线登记发生在1997-2000年之间,随访于2016年12月31日结束。人参使用和协变量通过在基线招募时进行的面对面访谈进行评估。追踪该队列的癌症发病率。在校正混杂因素后,使用Cox比例风险模型来估计人参-癌症关联的风险比(HR)和95%置信区间(CI)。
    结果:在平均14.7年的随访中,确定了5,067例癌症事件。总的来说,经常使用人参大多与任何特定部位癌症的风险无关,或所有癌症合并。发现短期(<3年)人参使用与肝癌风险增加显着相关(HR=1.71;95%CI:1.04,2.79,P=0.035),而长期(≥3年)人参使用与甲状腺癌风险增加相关(HR=1.40;95%CI:1.02,1.91,P=0.036)。发现长期使用人参与淋巴和造血组织恶性肿瘤(HR=0.67;95%CI:0.46,0.98,P=0.039)和非霍奇金淋巴瘤(HR=0.57;95%CI:0.34,0.97,P=0.039)的风险降低显著相关。
    结论:这项研究提供了暗示证据,表明食用人参可能与某些癌症的风险有关。
    Ginseng has been commonly used in Asian countries to promote longevity and health for >2000 years. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies, coupled with limited epidemiologic studies, have suggested that regular ginseng consumption may be related to lower cancer risk.
    We evaluated the association of ginseng consumption with risk of total and 15 site-specific cancers in a large cohort study conducted among Chinese women. Given the previous literature on ginseng consumption and cancer risk, we hypothesized that ginseng consumption might be associated with varying risks of cancer.
    This study included 65,732 female participants (mean age: 52.2 years) of the Shanghai Women\'s Health Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study. Baseline enrollment occurred between 1997 and 2000, and follow-up concluded on 31 December 2016. Ginseng use and covariates were assessed via an in-person interview conducted at the baseline recruitment. The cohort was followed for cancer incidence. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for ginseng-cancer associations after adjusting for confounders.
    During a mean 14.7 years of follow-up, 5067 incident cancer cases were identified. Overall, regular ginseng use was mostly not associated with risk of any site-specific cancer, or all cancers combined. Short-term (<3 years) ginseng use was found to be significantly associated with increased risk of liver cancer (HR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.79; P = 0.035), whereas long-term (≥3 years) ginseng use was found to be associated with increased risk of thyroid cancer (HR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.91; P = 0.036). Long-term ginseng use was found to be significantly associated with decreased risk of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue malignancy (HR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.98; P = 0.039) and non-Hodgkin\'s lymphoma (HR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.97; P = 0.039).
    This study provides suggestive evidence that ginseng consumption may be associated with risk of certain cancers.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目的:SARS-CoV-2的主要传播途径是空气传播,通过气溶胶或液滴的呼吸传播,可以通过呼出空气中的病毒载量来测量。几种天然物质已显示出抗病毒活性。这项初步研究的目的是调查含有天然防腐剂成分(肉桂,薄荷和柠檬油,槲皮素,亚精胺,生姜和人参)对感染SARS-CoV-2的患者呼出空气中的病毒载量。
    方法:招募9名感染SARS-CoV-2的患者,并在咀嚼抗菌口香糖之前和之后的不同时间点将其用力呼入特殊的口腔。烟嘴中装有滤纸,用于在实时PCR后提取冠状病毒以定量病毒载量。
    结论:所有患者的周期阈值(Ct)值在咀嚼口香糖后增加。基线(咀嚼抗菌口香糖之前)和30分钟时间点(咀嚼后15分钟)的Ct值之间的平均差为3.8±2.6;(病毒载量减少93%;p=0.002)。时间点15分钟(2.7±1.7(83%病毒载量减少;p=0.003)),60分钟(3.0±3.4(病毒载量减少88%;p=0.028)),90分钟(3.7±1.8(92%病毒载量减少;p=0.004))和120分钟(3.0±3.7(91%病毒载量减少;p=0.05))显示类似的结果。抗菌口香糖显示出降低呼出空气中SARS-CoV-2病毒载量的显着潜力,这样,降低进一步传播和感染风险。需要更大的安慰剂对照临床试验来进一步证实这些发现。
    OBJECTIVE: The dominant route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is airborne, through respiratory transmission by aerosols or droplets which can be measured by viral load in exhaled air. Several natural substances have shown antiviral activity. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of a chewing gum containing natural antiseptic ingredients (cinnamon-, peppermint- and lemon-oil, quercetin, spermidine, ginger and ginseng) on viral load in exhalative air in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.
    METHODS: Nine patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled and exhaled forcefully into a special mouthpiece at different time points before and after chewing the antiseptic gum. The mouthpiece contained a filter paper serving for extraction of coronaviruses following real-time PCR to quantify the viral load.
    CONCLUSIONS: Cycle threshold (Ct) values of all patients increased after chewing the gum. The mean difference between the Ct values at baseline (before chewing the antiseptic gum) and time point 30 min (15 min after chewing) was 3.8 ± 2.6; (93% viral load reduction; p = 0.002). Time point 15 min (2.7 ± 1.7 (83% viral load reduction; p = 0.003)), 60 min (3.0 ± 3.4 (88% viral load reduction; p = 0.028)), 90 min (3.7 ± 1.8 (92% viral load reduction; p = 0.004)) and 120 min (3.0 ± 3.7 (91% viral load reduction; p = 0.05)) showed similar results. The antiseptic chewing gum demonstrated a significant potential to reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral load in exhalative air and, in this way, reduce further spread and infection risk. Larger placebo-controlled clinical trials are required to confirm these findings further.
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