背景:云南有丰富的真菌多样性和文化多样性,但是关于民族肿瘤学的研究很少。此外,广泛利用野生食用菌(WEF),尤其是外生菌根真菌,威胁真菌的多样性。因此,本研究旨在为普洱地区的民族肿瘤学知识做出贡献,云南,中国,包括市场和自然栖息地中存在的真菌分类群的信息,重点是外生菌根真菌(EMF)。
方法:对市场上的蘑菇供应商和自然栖息地的蘑菇收集者进行了半结构化访谈。与本地名称相关的信息,栖息地,结果时间,物种鉴定,价格,记录了野生食用蘑菇的烹饪方法和保存方法。野生食用菌是从森林中采集的,形态学和分子技术用于鉴定真菌物种。
结果:本研究共访问了11个市场。在市场上收集的101种属于22科39属,其中约76%是EMF。记录了丰富的民族肿瘤学知识,我们发现,45-65岁年龄组的参与者能够更准确地判断蘑菇种类。此外,男人通常比女人有最深的蘑菇知识。共有283种,品种和未描述的物种是从自然栖息地收集的,其中大约70%是EMF。蘑菇种类和记录的数量显示了不同月份市场与自然栖息地之间的对应关系。
结论:本研究表明,普洱地区具有丰富的当地真菌学知识和真菌多样性。然而,有必要继续进行民族肿瘤学研究,并设计和进行当地知识的传播,以保存它,因为它目前主要是老年人口。
BACKGROUND: Yunnan is rich in fungal diversity and cultural diversity, but there are few researches on ethnomycology. In addition, extensive utilization of wild edible fungi (WEF), especially the ectomycorrhizal fungi, threatens the fungal diversity. Hence, this
study aims to contribute to the ethnomycological knowledge in Pu\'er Prefecture, Yunnan, China, including information on the fungal taxa presented in markets and natural habitats, with emphasis in ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF).
METHODS: Semi-structured interviews with mushroom vendors in markets and with mushroom collectors in natural habitats were conducted. Information related to local names, habitat, fruiting time, species identification, price, cooking methods and preservation methods of wild edible mushrooms were recorded. Wild edible fungi were collected from forests, and morphological and molecular techniques were used to identify fungal species.
RESULTS: A total of 11 markets were visited during this
study. The 101 species collected in the markets belonged to 22 families and 39 genera, and about 76% of them were EMF. A wealth of ethnomycological knowledge was recorded, and we found that participants in the 45-65 age group were able to judge mushroom species more accurately. Additionally, men usually had a deepest mushroom knowledge than women. A total of 283 species, varieties and undescribed species were collected from natural habitats, and about 70% of them were EMF. Mushroom species and recorded amounts showed correspondence between markets and the natural habitats on different months.
CONCLUSIONS: The present
study shows that Pu\'er Prefecture is rich in local mycological knowledge and fungal diversity. However, it is necessary to continue the research of ethnomycological studies and to design and conduct dissemination of local knowledge in order to preserve it, since it currently remains mainly among the elderly population.