目的:本研究旨在实施和评估综合,多多马青少年学校营养干预包,坦桑尼亚。
方法:在多多马的六所中学中进行了一项整群随机对照试验,坦桑尼亚。两所学校接受了全面干预的校餐套餐,营养教育,学校花园,社区工作坊。两所学校接受了部分干预一揽子计划,但没有学校膳食部分。两所学校作为对照,没有接受任何干预。干预是在一个学年内实施的。分析样本包括534名基线时14至17岁的青少年和286名父母。结果包括营养知识,食物偏好,饮食质量,粮食不安全,身体活动,增长,和贫血。线性模型用于估计平均差,和逻辑回归模型用于估计比值比(ORs).
结果:与对照组相比,在青少年中,部分(OR:0.59;95%置信区间[CI]:0.35,1.00)和完全(OR:0.49;95%CI:0.40,0.59)干预与较低的饮食质量相关.在父母中,部分(OR:0.28;95%CI:0.20,0.40)和完全(OR:0.28;95%CI:0.13,0.58)干预均与饮食质量差的较低几率相关.部分(OR:0.29;95%CI:0.18,0.47)和全部(OR:0.47;95%CI:0.30,0.72)干预与青少年超重或肥胖的几率较低相关。
结论:以学校为基础的多种营养干预方案可以改善青少年及其家庭成员的饮食质量,减轻青少年营养不良的双重负担。
OBJECTIVE: This
study aimed to implement and evaluate integrated, school-based nutrition intervention packages for adolescents in Dodoma, Tanzania.
METHODS: A cluster randomized controlled
trial was conducted among six secondary schools in Dodoma, Tanzania. Two schools received the full-intervention package of school meals, nutrition education, school gardens, and community workshops. Two schools received the partial-intervention package without the school meals component. Two schools served as the controls and did not receive any intervention. The intervention was implemented over one academic year. The analytical sample included 534 adolescents aged 14 to 17 at baseline and 286 parents. Outcomes included nutrition knowledge, food preferences, diet quality, food insecurity, physical activity, growth, and anemia. Linear models were used to estimate mean differences, and logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs).
RESULTS: Compared to the control, both the partial (OR: 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35, 1.00) and full (OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.59) interventions were associated with lower odds of poor diet quality among adolescents. Among the parents, both the partial (OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.40) and full (OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.58) interventions were associated with lower odds of poor diet quality. The partial (OR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.47) and full (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.72) interventions were associated with lower odds of adolescent overweight or obesity.
CONCLUSIONS: School-based nutritional intervention packages incorporating multiple actions may improve the diet quality of adolescents and their household members and reduce the double burden of adolescent malnutrition.