背景:暴露于空气污染与心肺疾病发病率升高之间存在一致的关联。由于公共卫生活动强调减少接触的首要需求,研究抗氧化剂饮食等策略是至关重要的,这些策略可能会保护不可避免地暴露的个体。
方法:在PubMed/Medline中进行了系统搜索,EMBASE,中部,和ClinicalTrials.gov截至2023年3月31日,用于评估膳食补充剂对心血管(血压,心率,心率变异性,肱动脉直径,流动介导的扩张,和脂质分布)或归因于空气污染暴露的肺部结局(肺功能和气道炎症)。
结果:审核了4681条记录后,共纳入18项研究。关于鱼油和橄榄油补充剂对心血管结局的影响存在矛盾的发现。虽然证据有限,鱼油可防止污染物引起的肺功能障碍。大多数关于维生素C的研究没有发现心血管保护作用;然而,维生素C和E的组合对肺功能障碍具有保护作用,但对心血管结局的结果相互矛盾.其他补充剂,如萝卜硫素,L-精氨酸,n-乙酰半胱氨酸,和B族维生素显示出潜在的有益作用,但由于现有试验数量有限,需要进一步研究。
结论:尽管需要更多的研究来确定抗炎和抗氧化膳食补充剂对空气污染毒性的功效和最佳剂量,这种低成本的预防策略有可能提供针对空气污染暴露结果的保护.
BACKGROUND: There is a consistent association between exposure to air pollution and elevated rates of cardiopulmonary illnesses. As public health activities emphasize the paramount need to reduce exposure, it is crucial to examine strategies like the antioxidant diet that could potentially protect individuals who are unavoidably exposed.
METHODS: A systematic search was performed in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to March 31, 2023, for clinical trials assessing dietary supplements against cardiovascular (blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, brachial artery diameter, flow-mediated dilation, and lipid profile) or pulmonary outcomes (pulmonary function and airway inflammation) attributed to air pollution exposure.
RESULTS: After reviewing 4681 records, 18 studies were included. There were contradictory findings on the effects of fish oil and olive oil supplementations on cardiovascular outcomes. Although with limited evidence, fish oil offered protection against pulmonary dysfunction induced by pollutants. Most studies on vitamin C did not find protective cardiovascular effects; however, the combination of vitamin C and E offered protective effects against pulmonary dysfunction but showed conflicting results for cardiovascular outcomes. Other supplements like sulforaphane, L-arginine, n-acetylcysteine, and B vitamins showed potential beneficial effects but need further research due to the limited number of existing trials.
CONCLUSIONS: Although more research is needed to determine the efficacy and optimal dose of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant dietary supplements against air pollution toxicity, this low-cost preventative strategy has the potential to offer protection against outcomes of air pollution exposure.