UNASSIGNED: Nasolabial folds are a common sign of aging, accompanied by various manifestations such as skin and tissue loosening, wrinkles, lip corner drooping, mandibular angle loss, platysmal bands, and skin pigmentation changes. Limited research has explored Nanofat injection methods. this study was done with the aim of comparing the effect of fat injection by two methods, conventional and Nanofat, in nasolabial folds.
UNASSIGNED: The study conducted in 2020-2021 at the skin clinic in Ilam, western Iran was a case-control study. Participants were divided into two groups, and lipofilling procedures were performed using conventional and nanofat methods with autologous fat. Data collection utilized a researcher-made questionnaire and radiographic results. Follow-up visits occurred on the 30th, 90th, and 180th days to assess complications and recovery rates. After 6 months, participant\'s photographs were taken and compared with pre-intervention photographs using the GIAS criteria. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS22 version software.
UNASSIGNED: The average age of the participants was 37.80±8.30 yr. The treatment response in the conventional fat injection group was significantly better than the nanofat group (P<0.05). Both groups were satisfied with the treatment methods, but high satisfaction was reported in the conventional group, but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups.
UNASSIGNED: Both methods of improving wrinkles were effective, but the improvement and response to treatment in the conventional method was better than the Nanofat method, and its effect was felt by the participants for an average period of 3 months.

BACKGROUND: Autologous fat injection techniques are specially performed to restore the lack of face volume.
OBJECTIVE: However, no reports have focused on the effect of sides of injection on the sagging appearance improvements and facial lifting. This study aimed to evaluate face lifting using the autologous fat injection in to sides of the face as a new technique.
METHODS: Ten patients with aging face were involved in this study. The procedure was done in an anaerobic method. To improve the method, to make patients more satisfied and gain better cosmetic outcomes autologous fat was injected on the sides of the face. To give a lifting effect to the face, the fat was injected on the hairline in the temple area, next to the ear, the angel of the jaw and the angel of the mandible leaning behind the ear to cause face lift. The patients were appraised clinically and photographically.
RESULTS: The results showed that this autologous fat injection technique has significant improvement in face lifting.
CONCLUSIONS: This new fat injection technique in sides of the face can create superior results on face lifting without any adverse side effects.

UNASSIGNED: In recent years, special attention has been paid to minimally invasive and conservative methods in addition to conventional surgical methods to repair tendon damage. In this regard, the effect of fat injection and graft has been of great interest due to its potential in accelerating tissue repair. We aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of fat injection along with conventional approach in patients with flexor tendon injury.
UNASSIGNED: In this randomized clinical trial, 64 patients were randomly scheduled for tendon repair using the usual modified Kessler four-strand method alone or tendon repair using four-strand method and fat injection on the proximal and distal sides of the repair site in the Hazrat Fatemeh Hospital, Tehran Province, Iran in 2022 (IRCT20221206056723N1). Patients were followed-up for eight weeks regarding the function status of the repaired tendon (using Strickland grading test), range of motion (by physical examination) and flexion and extension gaps (by imaging).
UNASSIGNED: In the eighth weeks after the treatment, the average Strickland score was significantly higher in the group receiving fat injection (P: 0.009 ). In the two pointed times, the mean range of motion was significantly higher and the mean flexion and extension gaps were significantly lower in those who received fat injection. None of the procedural side effects were observed in the fifth and eighth weeks after the treatment.
UNASSIGNED: Fat injection along with usual surgical treatment for tendon repair accelerates and improves tendon function and range of motion.

Acne is the most common skin disorder which is known as a chronic inflammatory disease with psychological burden and reduced quality of life. Adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is recognized as a source of regenerative cells and improves the quality of skin by increasing collagen content. To date, a few studies have been performed on the therapeutic role of SVF in the treatment of acne scars.
This randomized, single-blinded clinical trial was performed on 7 patients with acne scars. In all patients, the initial grade of acne (volume, area and depth) was evaluated and ultrasound of the relevant scar was performed to evaluate neocollagenesis. As a spilt face study, for treating the scars, we used nanofat subcutaneously on one side of the face (control group) and combination of nanofat subcutaneously and SVF intradermally on the opposite side (intervention group). The patients were evaluated for severity of acne by visioface after one month, also for thickness of epidermis and dermis by ultrasound after one month and three months.
All of the apparent findings of scars improved in two groups after one month, but these changes were significant just for the group treated with SVF (p value < 0.05). Epidermal, dermal and complete thicknesses during the first month in both control and intervention groups were significantly increased (p value < 0.05) but between the first and third months, there was no significant difference in the variables (p value > 0.05). The findings showed that dermal and complete thicknesses of the skin in the first month were different between two groups significantly (p value: 0.042 and 0.040, respectively).
The use of SVF in the treatment of patients with acne scars accelerates the improvement of volume, area and depth of the scar by increasing collagen content and the dermal thickness, so it can be used as a potentially effective treatment for these patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to establish a unilateral tongue atrophy model by cutting the hypoglossal nerve and to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a fat injection of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to restore swallowing function.
METHODS: A total of 12 rabbits were randomized to three groups; the ADSCs+fat group (n=4), the fat group (n=4) and the control group (n=4). All rabbits were treated with denervation of the left hypoglossal nerve and their conditions including body weight and food intake were checked during follow-up periods (8 weeks). At 4 weeks after the transection of the nerve, rabbits received the injection therapy into the denervated side of the tongue with 1.0mL fat tissue premixed with 0.5mL ADSCs in the ADSCs+fat group, 1.0mL fat tissue premixed with 0.5mL PBS in the fat group and 1.5mL PBS in the control group. Rabbits were euthanized 8 weeks post-treatment and resected tongues were collected, formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded. To evaluate the change of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue, muscle fibers around the treatment area was analyzed by evaluating 5 consecutive hematoxylin-eosin slides per rabbit.
RESULTS: Food intake did not decrease upon nerve denervation, and none of the rabbits displayed adverse effect such as aspiration, surgical wound dehiscence or infection. No significant body weight changes were found between the three groups at 4 and 8 weeks after nerve transection (p>0.05). In the control group, the denervated side of tongue had significantly smaller muscle fiber areas and diameters compared to the non-denervated side (p<0.05). The ADSCs+fat group demonstrated a larger area of inferior longitudinal muscle fibers compared to the control and the fat groups (582±312µm2 vs. 405±220µm2 and 413±226µm2; p<0.05). A significant thicker lesser diameter of inferior longitudinal muscle fibers was found in the ADSCs+fat group compared to the control and the fat groups (24±8µm vs. 20±6µm and 20±7µm; p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The rabbit tongue atrophy model was found suitable for the assessment of muscle change after nerve transection. Fat injection therapy with ADSCs demonstrated great potential to prevent the muscle atrophy after denervation and to promote the muscle regeneration around the injection area.

Introduction: Fat grafting is considered one of the most precious armamentarium in the hand of plastic surgeons. The fat grafts consist of 2 components, adipocytes and stromal cells. The adipose tissue is a reserve of stem cells. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the adipocyte and stem cell viability in both mechanically processed and enzymatically digested fats. Patients and Methods: This in vitro study was conducted using 40 specimens collected from 20 patients who underwent liposuction procedures. Twenty specimens were mechanically processed (group A), whereas the remaining specimens were processed enzymetically (group B). Results: There were no statistically significant differences between fat cell viability between the 2 groups. On the contrary, there was statistically significant increase in stem cells in mechanically processed fat specimens (P = .001). Conclusion: Both the mechanically and chemically processed fat techniques are reliable techniques that provide fat and stem cells. Mechanical processing is easier and provides more stem cells.

BACKGROUND: Liposuction is a popular surgical procedure. As in any surgery, there are risks and complications, especially when combined with fat injection. Case reports of fat embolism have described a possible explanation as the puncture and tear of gluteal vessels during the procedure, especially when a deep injection is planned.
METHODS: A total of 10 dissections were performed in five fresh cadavers. Each buttocks was divided into four quadrants. We focused on the location where the gluteal vessels enter the muscle and the diameter of the vessels. Colorant at two different angles was injected (30° and 45°). We evaluated the relation of the colorant with the main vessels.
RESULTS: We found two perforators per quadrant. The thickness of the gluteal muscle was 2.84 ± 1.54 cm. The area under the muscle where the superior gluteal vessels traverse the muscle was located 6.4 ± 1.54 cm from the intergluteal crease and 5.8 ± 1.13 cm from the superior border of the muscle. The inferior gluteal vessels were located 8.3 ± 1.39 cm from the intergluteal crease and 10 ± 2.24 cm from the superior border of the muscle. When we compared the fat injected at a 30° angle, the colorant stayed in the muscle. Using a 45° angle, the colorant was in contact with the superior gluteal artery and the sciatic nerve. No puncture or tear was observed in the vessels or the nerve.
CONCLUSIONS: The location where the vessels come in contact with the muscle, which can be considered for fat injection, were located in quadrants 1 and 3. A 30° angle allows for an injection into the muscle without passing into deeper structures, unlike a 45° injection angle.