围绕跨性别女性参与女性体育类别是否公平的辩论,特别是与顺式女性相比,由于睾丸激素增加而保留的男性生理优势。最近,个别体育组织一直在调查和评估有关跨性别女性运动员参与女性类别的政策,导致一些禁止参与。这篇综述旨在讨论科学证据,并为将跨性别女性纳入精英竞技女性击剑类别提供适当的指导。击剑是一种间歇性运动,比赛可以持续1到3天。弓步是攻击对手最常见的动作,成功的命中依赖于行动的速度。男性青春期诱导的循环睾酮增加促进更高的身材,心血管功能,肌肉质量,与顺式女性相比,达到约12-40%的运动性能优势。优秀的cisgender男性击剑运动员表现明显更高,~17-30%,与精英女性击剑运动员相比,跳高和腿部力量措施,导致更快的弓步。接受雄激素抑制治疗12个月的跨性别妇女的力量显着下降,瘦体重,和肌肉表面积,但即使36个月后,这三个指数的测量值仍高于顺性女性。以前的男性肌肉质量和力量可以通过持续的阻力训练来保留。文献综述表明,参加精英竞技女性击剑类别时,经历男性青春期的跨性别女性保留了生理优势。针对精英击剑比赛的公开或第三性别类别的拟议解决方案促进了公平竞争,同时允许跨性别女性参加他们选择的运动。
Debate has surrounded whether the participation of trans women in female sporting categories is
fair, specifically the retained male physiological advantage due to increased testosterone compared to cisgender females. Recently, individual sporting organisations have been investigating and assessing policies regarding trans women athlete participation in female categories, resulting in several banning participation. This
review aims to discuss the scientific evidence and provide appropriate guidance for the inclusion of trans women in elite competitive female fencing categories. Fencing is an intermittent sport, where competitions can span 1 to 3 days. The lunge is the most common movement used to attack opponents, where a successful hit relies on the speed of the action. Male puberty induced increased circulating testosterone promotes a greater stature, cardiovascular function, muscle mass, and strength compared to cisgender females, culminating in a ~12-40% sport performance advantage. Elite cisgender male fencers perform significantly higher, ~17-30%, jump heights and leg power measures compared to elite cisgender female fencers, resulting in faster lunges. Trans women receiving androgen-suppression therapy for 12 months showed significant reductions in strength, lean body mass, and muscle surface area, but even after 36 months, the measurements of these three indices remained above those for cisgender females. Previous male muscle mass and strength can be retained through continuation of resistance training. The literature reviewed shows that there is a retained physiological advantage for trans women who have undergone male puberty when participating in the elite competitive female fencing category. A proposed solution of an open or third gender category for elite fencing competition promotes
fair competition, while allowing trans women to compete in their chosen sport.