Surgical treatment options have long been a part of the treatment armamentarium in the field of male stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and will continue to play an important role moving forward given the dramatic improvement they can have on a patient\'s quality of life and urinary tract function and control. The artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) is widely considered the gold standard treatment option for male SUI given its breadth of effectiveness in mild, moderate, and severe cases of SUI. As with any surgery, there are potential perioperative risks and complications that all patients must be aware of when weighing the pros and cons of different treatment options. Two of the most dreaded complications of AUS surgery are urethral cuff erosion and device infection, both necessitating a subsequent surgery for device explant. The goal of this clinical practice review article is to examine and discuss the perioperative factors and management of these complications. Effectively treating these complications is of utmost importance, not just to address the acute clinical problem for patient health and safety, but also to provide the patient with the best chance of pursuing AUS replacement surgery in the future, given that the vast majority of these patients will develop recurrent bothersome SUI after the eroded and/or infected device is removed. By reviewing pertinent patient factors, preoperative and postoperative considerations, device-specific characteristics, surgical techniques, and patient counseling, this article serves as a thorough and practical clinical review guide for practicing urologists who perform male incontinence surgery.

Friction, wear, and the consequent energy dissipation pose significant challenges in systems with moving components, spanning various domains, including nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS) and bio-MEMS (microrobots), hip prostheses (biomaterials), offshore wind and hydro turbines, space vehicles, solar mirrors for photovoltaics, triboelectric generators, etc. Nature-inspired bionic surfaces offer valuable examples of effective texturing strategies, encompassing various geometric and topological approaches tailored to mitigate frictional effects and related functionalities in various scenarios. By employing biomimetic surface modifications, for example, roughness tailoring, multifunctionality of the system can be generated to efficiently reduce friction and wear, enhance load-bearing capacity, improve self-adaptiveness in different environments, improve chemical interactions, facilitate biological interactions, etc. However, the full potential of bioinspired texturing remains untapped due to the limited mechanistic understanding of functional aspects in tribological/biotribological settings. The current review extends to surface engineering and provides a comprehensive and critical assessment of bioinspired texturing that exhibits sustainable synergy between tribology and biology. The successful evolving examples from nature for surface/tribological solutions that can efficiently solve complex tribological problems in both dry and lubricated contact situations are comprehensively discussed. The review encompasses four major wear conditions: sliding, solid-particle erosion, machining or cutting, and impact (energy absorbing). Furthermore, it explores how topographies and their design parameters can provide tailored responses (multifunctionality) under specified tribological conditions. Additionally, an interdisciplinary perspective on the future potential of bioinspired materials and structures with enhanced wear resistance is presented.

BACKGROUND: Tooth brushing is a universal recommendation. However, the recommendations related to the time of its execution are conflicting, especially when dealing with patients at risk of erosive tooth wear (ETW) or dental caries.
CONCLUSIONS: Our objective was to summarize the evidence on the timing of brushing with fluoridated toothpaste in relation to ETW and cariogenic dietary challenges. We conducted a scoping review following the PRISMA-ScR checklist, using three databases searching for in vivo, in situ, or in vitro studies involving human teeth exposed to either a cariogenic or an erosive challenge. Only models including human saliva and fluoride were assessed. Data selection, extraction, and risk of bias analysis were done in duplicate and independently. From 1,545 identified studies, 17 (16 related to ETW and 1 to dental caries) were included. Most evidence (n = 10) supported that brushing with a fluoride-containing product does not increase ETW, independent of the moment of brushing. Delaying tooth brushing up to 1 h (n = 4) or individualized recommendations based on the patient\'s problem (n = 2) were less frequent. Only one study reported that brushing pre- or post-meal does not affect Streptococcus mutans counts. Most data were in situ (n = 13), and the overall study quality was judged as sufficient/low risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the available evidence lacked robust clinical studies, tooth brushing using fluoridated products immediately after an erosive challenge does not increase the risk of ETW and can be recommended, which is in line with recommendations for dental caries prevention. Furthermore, we suggest updating the international guidelines to promote individualized recommendations based on risk factors to prevent either ETW or dental caries.

OBJECTIVE: Historically, the prevalence of caries has undergone significant changes, particularly increasing with the industrialization of sugar consumption. When examining ancient populations, lower caries rates are discovered, attributed in part to dietary factors. These populations consumed abrasive foods, leading to occlusal wear and reduced non-axial occlusal forces, potentially influencing Non-Carious Cervical Lesions (NCCLs). Although some attribute NCCLs to abfraction, the mechanism remains debated. This systematic review aims to evaluate the presence of NCCLs in ancient populations, shedding light on the factors contributing to their occurrence.
METHODS: The present systematic review was registered on PROSPERO, and the manuscript was prepared following PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS: After the literature search and article screening, data from 6 studies were included in the meta-analysis, with only 2 reporting NCCLs in ancient skulls, encopassing 17 subjects in 805 examined skulls, suggesting their presence even before the widespread use of toothbrushes. This finding indicates a potential etiopathogenic mechanism linked to abfraction, but the cause is complex and involves abrasive and erosive factors closely tied to dietary habits.
CONCLUSIONS: In summary, NCCLs were present in ancient populations, albeit with a much lower prevalence. Their occurrence cannot be solely attributed to wear mechanisms but must be connected to abrasive factors related to diet or practices with religious and cultural significance, such as the use of labrets.
CONCLUSIONS: Th the knowledge of NCCLs presence in acient sculls is crucial today for better understand the associated risk factors. In this context, the analysis of ancient skulls allows us to discern the role that tooth brushing and diet played in the formation of NCCLs, over the past century.

Wear (erosion/abrasion) and corrosion act in synergy in several industrial installations where corrosive fluids circulate together with a solid phase causing mutual damage. High entropy alloys (HEAs) are promising materials to be used in that type of environments because of their outstanding chemical, electrochemical and mechanical properties. While several review articles are currently available on corrosion, mechanical properties, development of HEAs, microstructure, and HEA coatings, there is an undeniable lack of a comprehensive and critical review focusing on the tribological behaviour and tribocorrosion of bulk HEAs. This work aims to collect, summarise, and critically review the major accomplishments and progresses of HEAs over the last 20 years dealing with wear, corrosion, and wear-corrosion resistance. It highlights the most significant aspects that can influence the performance of HEAs including the change of the base alloying elements, the influence of the temperature, heat treatment, and wear test parameters (load, velocity, duration, distance). Furthermore, operating mechanisms, together with the relationship between microstructure and wear resistance, and between microstructure and corrosion resistance will be described. Finally, the articles that have been reported in the literature dealing with tribocorrosion of HEAs will be reviewed. The results of this study are expected to guide potential researchers and provide them with the sum of current trends in HEAs in terms of corrosion resistance, wear resistance and the synergy of both, in the hope of helping them to make the right decision to design and develop new HEAs or improve the research on the existing ones.

BACKGROUND: Gastric band erosion may be seen in up to 3% of patients. Endoscopic intervention has become increasingly utilized due to its minimally invasive nature. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the role of endoscopic removal for eroded gastric bands.
METHODS: Individualized search strategies were developed for PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases in accordance with PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Outcomes included technical success, clinical success, procedure duration, adverse events, and surgical conversion. Pooled proportions were analyzed using random effects models. Heterogeneity and publication bias was assessed with I2 statistics and funnel plot asymmetry using Egger and Begg tests. Meta-regression was also performed comparing outcomes by endoscopic tools.
RESULTS: Ten studies (n=282 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. Mean age was 40.68±7.25 years with average duration of band placement of 38.49±19.88 months. Pre-operative BMI was 42.76±1.06 kg/m2 with BMI of 33.06±3.81 kg/m2 at time of band erosion treatment. Endoscopic removal was attempted in 240/282 (85.11%) of cases. Pooled technical and clinical success of the endoscopic therapy was 86.08% (95% CI: 79.42-90.83; I2=28.62%) and 85.34% (95% CI: 88.70-90.62; I2=38.56%), respectively. Mean procedure time for endoscopic removal was 46.47±11.52 min with an intra-operative adverse event rate of 4.15% (95% CI: 1.98-8.51; I2=0.00%). Post-procedure-associated adverse events occurred in 7.24% (CI: 4.46-11.55; I2=0.00%) of patients. Conversion to laparotomy/laparoscopy occurred in 10.54% (95% CI: 6.12-17.54) of cases.
CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic intervention is a highly effective and safe modality for the treatment of gastric band erosion.

Prompt removal of eroded penile prostheses is recommended in most cases. However, saving and reimplanting eroded implants may be considered in patients without signs of sepsis, local infection or necrosis during preoperative evaluations and surgical exploration. Notably, close postoperative surveillance is crucial in this setting.

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is commonly used in the treatment of morbid obesity. However, with clinical application and long-term follow-up, the shortcomings of this procedure were also exposed, bringing about surgery-related complications include dysphagia, intragastric band migration, slippage, and gastric band erosion. Lower esophageal and gastric fistula is a rare but dangerous complication after LAGB. We describe a case of esophagogastric fistula occurring twelve years after a laparoscopic band procedure and its successful management in a multidisciplinary and staged manner, followed by a short review of the literature.

Water runoff and soil erosion by water from agricultural fields lead to a loss of water available for plant growth, loss of topsoil and transport of plant protection products (PPPs), hence constituting contaminant pathways to adjacent surface water. Several mitigation measures are used, including small earthen dams or depressions, referred to as micro-dams. This practice has been applied worldwide since the 1930s. In the regulatory exposure assessment for the registration of PPPs, runoff curve numbers (CNs) are used in the PRZM model to quantify runoff and the effect of mitigation measures. An overview of the pertinent literature is presented to enlarge the knowledge base to give robust recommendations for the inclusion of the practice in the regulatory exposure assessment of PPPs. Literature on micro-dams was collected here in a review of the reported results from field trials in terms of runoff, erosion, and PPP transport mitigation. Selected data were further evaluated to derive runoff CNs. From 21 studies with 252 individual setups and trials, we derived a geometric mean reduction of runoff of 62% (42%-90%); results for maize and potatoes only were 62% (53%-73%) and 81% (71%-93%), respectively. Erosion was reduced by 73% (60%-90%; maize: 75% [63%-88%]; potatoes 89% [83%-97%]). From 19 studies with 246 individual setups and trials, the geometric mean of the CN reduction is 11% (4%-25%; maize: 7% [3%-17%], potatoes: 14% [6%-36%]). For PPP transport (5 studies; 10 different PPP), a geometric mean reduction of 67% (48%-94%) was derived (maize: 56% [38%-81%; 3 studies; 10 PPP]; potatoes: 91% [1 study; 4 PPP]). The application of micro-dams provides considerable reductions and can therefore be factored into the environmental exposure assessment by using percent reductions of runoff, erosion, and PPP transport or lowering the runoff CN in numerical modelling.

BACKGROUND: Tooth wear (TW) prevalence is high and increasing and has important consequences on the patient\'s quality of life. Knowledge of risk factors is crucial to promote diagnosis, prevention strategies and timely interceptive treatment. Many studies have identified TW risk factors.
OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to map and describe suspected available factors associated with TW in permanent dentition based on quantitative measurement.
METHODS: The scoping review was conducted using the PRISMA extension of the Scoping Reviews checklist. The search was conducted in October 2022 from the Medline® (PubMed® interface) and Scopus® databases. Two independent reviewers selected and characterised the studies.
RESULTS: 2702 articles were identified for assessment of titles and abstracts, and 273 articles were included in the review. The results show a need to standardise TW measurement indices and the study design. The included studies highlighted various factors, classified into nine domains: sociodemographic factors, medical history, drinking habits, eating habits, oral hygiene habits, dental factors, bruxism and temporomandibular disorders, behavioural factors, and stress. Results related to chemical TW (erosion) risk factors underline the importance of eating disorders, gastroesophageal reflux and lifestyle, particularly drinking and eating behaviours, which supports developing public health information campaigns and interventions. Besides chemical, this review identifies evidence of several mechanical TW risk factors, such as toothbrushing and bruxism; the influence of this last factor needs to be further explored.
CONCLUSIONS: TW management and prevention require a multidisciplinary approach. Dentists are in the first line to detect associated diseases such as reflux or eating disorders. Consequently, practitioners\' information and guideline diffusion should be promoted, and a TW risk factors checklist (the ToWeR checklist) is proposed to help diagnostic approaches.