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The novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a substantial change in eye care and clinical practice. There has been conflicting information and weak evidence on the virus\'s transmission through tears. Yet, virus detection on cornea and conjunctiva surface as a gateway for infection is not well-studied. Moreover, there have been no reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through tonometry to date. Thus, this uncertainty has urged this review on evidence-based guidelines and recommendations on tonometer use in the COVID-19 era. The aim of this article is to provide ophthalmologists with recommendations for tonometry practice based on current evidence and best practice guidelines.

Ensuring that reusable surgical instruments and medical devices have been sterilized is an important factor in preventing surgical site infections. The sterilization method for a particular device is based on the device design, material, packaging, compatibility with the sterilant, load limitations, and safety requirements. Perioperative team members must review the manufacturer\'s instructions for cleaning, packaging, and sterilizing the device to determine the correct sterilization process. The AORN \"Guideline for sterilization\" provides guidance for processing reusable medical devices for use in perioperative and procedural settings. This article elaborates on key takeaways from the guideline, including processing a device based on the intended use of the item, protecting sterile items during transport, reprocessing by immediate-use steam sterilization when certain conditions can be met, and educating personnel who perform sterile processing activities. Perioperative RNs should review the complete guideline for additional information and for guidance when writing and updating policies and procedures.

The Asia Pacific Society of Infection Control launched its revised Guidelines for Disinfection and Sterilization of Instruments in Health Care Facilities in February 2017. This document describes the guidelines and recommendations for the reprocessing of instruments in healthcare setting. It aims to highlight practical recommendations in a concise format designed to assist healthcare facilities at Asia Pacific region in achieving high standards in sterilization and disinfection.
The guidelines were revised by an appointed workgroup comprising experts in the Asia Pacific region, following reviews of previously published guidelines and recommendations relevant to each section.
It recommends the centralization of reprocessing, training of all staff with annual competency assessment, verification of cleaning, continual monitoring of reprocessing procedures to ensure their quality and a corporate strategy for dealing with single-use and single-patient use medical equipment/devices. Detailed recommendations are also given with respect to reprocessing of endoscopes. Close working with the Infection Prevention & Control department is also recommended where decisions related to reprocessing medical equipment/devices are to be made.
Sterilization facilities should aim for excellence in practices as this is part of patient safety. The guidelines that come with a checklist help service providers identify gaps for improvement to reach this goal.

Reuse of medical device is accepted worldwide. Benefits of reuse include not only cost saving but a favorable impact on environment. However, certain requirements should be met for reuse to be safe and effective. The devices, which can be reused, should be clearly defined, a meticulous process for dis-infection and sterilization followed and its functionality ascertained before use. Further, an appropriate consent should be obtained where necessary and the cost saving entailed should be directly passed on to the patient.

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