背景:总能量消耗(TEE)是个人为维持生命而消耗的总能量,活动,和增长。TEE由四个部分组成:静息能量消耗(REE),活动能量消耗(AEE),与增长相关的能源支出(GEE),和摄食热效应(TEF)。一些能量消耗(EE)分量可能在整个童年期间发生变化,并且不能使用预测公式来可靠地估计。
目的:总结文献报道的健康和危重患儿的TEE成分。
方法:我们搜索了MEDLINE,EMBASE,和CINAHL在1946年至2023年9月7日之间发表的研究。主要结果是能量消耗。纳入的研究以英文发表,并测量一个或多个TEE,AEE,GEE,在1个月至18岁的参与者中使用间接量热法或双标记水进行TEF。我们排除了仅报告REE或使用预测方程的研究。在抽象之后,报告的值尽可能转换为kcal/kg/天或kcal/天。使用EE测量的中值或平均值计算加权平均值。
结果:我们发现了138项研究,8163名患者,和16,636个合格的测量。中位(IQR)研究样本量为20(12,35)名患者。TEE是评价最高的组件。婴儿TEE的中位数(IQR)为73.1(67.0,76.5),儿童78.0(66.0,81.3),青少年为44.2(41.8,51.9)kcal/kg/天。很少有关于GEE和TEF的研究报道。
结论:这是首次总结健康和危重患儿不同年龄组总能量消耗构成的研究之一。健康儿童与生长和喂养相关的能量消耗报告不佳,而重症患儿中TEE的所有成分(REE除外)的报道很少。
BACKGROUND: Total energy expenditure (TEE) is the total energy expended by an individual to sustain life, activities, and growth. TEE is formed by four components: resting energy expenditure (REE), activity energy expenditure (AEE), growth-related energy expenditure (GEE), and the thermic effect of feeding (TEF). Some energy expenditure (EE) components may change throughout childhood and cannot be reliably estimated using prediction formulae.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize measured TEE components as reported in the literature in healthy and critically ill children.
METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL for studies published between 1946 and 7 September 2023. The primary outcome was energy expenditure. Included studies were published in English and measured one or more of TEE, AEE, GEE, and TEF with Indirect Calorimetry or Doubly Labeled Water in participants between 1 month and 18 years of age. We excluded studies reporting only REE or using predictive equations. Following abstraction, reported values were converted into kcal/kg/day or kcal/day as possible. Weighted mean values were calculated using median or means of EE measurements.
RESULTS: We found 138 studies, 8163 patients, and 16,636 eligible measurements. The median (IQR) study sample size was 20 (12, 35) patients. TEE was the most evaluated component. The median (IQR) TEE in infants was 73.1 (67.0, 76.5), in children 78.0 (66.0, 81.3), and in adolescents was 44.2 (41.8, 51.9) kcal/kg/day. Very few studies reported on GEE and TEF.
CONCLUSIONS: This is one of the first studies that summarizes components of total energy expenditure in different pediatric age groups in healthy and critically ill children. Growth- and feeding-associated energy expenditure are poorly reported in healthy children, while all components of TEE (except REE) are poorly reported in critically ill children.