Novel styryl colorants based on anchoring methoxy with anthracene as a donor linked with various active methylene acceptor groups to derive a conjugated π-system along with push-pull geometry were synthesized and well characterized. Photophysical properties were studied in different polarity solvents. The impact of solvent polarizability is delivered in redshifts in absorption and emission spectra, in addition to enhancing the quantum yield. The benzoxazole and benzimidazole moieties in 4c and 4d demonstrated heat stability of more than 300 °C. Fluorescent intensity is directly proportional to the viscosity and 4a demonstrates a notable viscosity sensor through 1.36 fold increase in intensity. In comparison to other styryl dyes, 4c and 4d were shown to have higher values in DMSO for polarizability (53.3496 × 10-24 esu and 53.7459 × 10-24 esu) and first-order hyperpolarizability (86.3467 × 10-30 esu and 89.1941 × 10-30 esu) as well as second-order hyperpolarizability (1768.9121 × 10-36 esu and 1740.6940 × 10-36 esu) due to presence of heterocyclic character. NLO properties of all the styryl dyes 4a-4e are within the fundamental boundary limits. The 4d (benzoxazole) dye exhibited a small HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 2.8825 eV, whereas the 4b and 4e dyes had a larger band gap due to the presence of a carbonyl group.

This study investigates nanoparticle emission during 3D printing processes, assessing various filament materials\' impact on air quality. Commonly used 3D printers, including both filament and resin-based types, were examined. The study\'s scope encompasses diverse filament materials like ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), PLA (polylactic acid), PETG (polyethylene terephthalate glycol), ASA (acrylonitrile styrene acrylate), TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane), PP (polypropylene), nylon, and wood-based variants, alongside three types of resins. The research delves into the relationship between the type of material and nanoparticle emissions, emphasizing temperature\'s pivotal role. Measurement instruments were employed for nanoparticle quantification, including an engine exhaust particle sizer spectrometer, condensation particle counter, and nanozen dust counters. Notably, results reveal substantial variations in nanoparticle emissions among different filament materials, with ASA, TPU, PP, and ABS showing considerably elevated emission levels and characteristic particle size distribution patterns. The findings prompt practical recommendations for reducing nanoparticle exposure, emphasizing printer confinement, material selection, and adequate ventilation. This study offers insights into potential health risks associated with 3D printing emissions and provides a basis for adopting preventive measures.

This study investigates the impact of transportation vehicles on air pollution emissions in Istanbul, a metropolitan city in Türkiye. The TIMES (The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System) Model has been used to determine the current level of air pollutants coming from the transportation sector, make future estimates, and assess the impact of various scenarios on air pollution emissions. Air pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, particulate matter, and non-methane volatile organic compounds are included in the model. The amount of air pollution emissions discussed in this research were 74, 68, 13, 5, and 2 kt for NOx, CO, VOC, SO2, and PM, respectively, in the base year of 2016. In 2055, these emissions have shifted to 190, 98, 26, 8, and 5 kt, respectively. This means that emissions are predicted to increase between 1.4 and 2.6 times. According to model results, individual measures could decrease potential air pollution emissions for 2055 by up to 13 %. When all of the actions done within the pollutants of the study are combined, the total amount of emissions has decreased by 30.2 %, 24.3 %, 18.8 %, 5.3 % and 21.4 % for NOx, CO, VOC, SO2, and PM, respectively. This research emphasizes how critical it is to address metropolitan areas\' transportation-related air pollution. The number of such studies dealing with air pollution parameters using the TIMES Model is very few, and it is expected that this study will create important outputs for similar studies.

A wide range of wastes can potentially be used to generate thermal and electrical energy. The co-combustion of several types of waste as part of water-containing waste-derived fuels is a promising method for their recovery. In this research, we use thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry to study the thermal behavior and kinetics of coal slime, biomass, waste oils, and blends on their basis. We also analyze the concentrations of gaseous emissions. The results show that biomass, oils, and coal slime significantly affect each other in the course of their co-combustion when added to slurry fuels. The preparation of coal-water slurry based on slime and water reduced the ignition and burnout temperature by up to 16%. Adding biomass and waste oils additionally stimulated the slurry ignition and burnout, which occurred at lower temperatures. Relative to dry coal slime, threshold ignition temperatures and burnout temperatures decreased by 6%-9% and 17%-25%, respectively. Also, the use of biomass and waste oils as part of slurries inhibited NOх and SO2 emission by 2.75 times. According to the kinetic analysis, added biomass and waste turbine oil provide a 28%-51% reduction in the activation energy as compared to a coal-water slurry without additives.

The first study related to the characteristics of the riverine litter was carried out at the mouth of the Cimandiri River in the southern West Java to provide a national database, as mandated in the Indonesian Presidential Regulation 83/2018 concerning the handling of marine debris. We examined floating riverine litter entering the South Java Sea at Cimandiri River outlets four times between December 2020 and October 2021 using a Thomsea 1 T trawl-net. The amount of litter collected tended to rise throughout the sampling period. Daily floating riverine litter released into the South Java Sea was estimated to be 285,931 ± 133.70 items or 307 ± 192.69 kg. Our monitoring data revealed no sampling period differences in litter release into the South Java Sea with no correlation with rainfall. Our data indicate that plastics are the most single abundant type of floating riverine litter entering the South Java Sea from the Cimandiri River, accounting for 99.92% of abundance (285,701 ± 133,464.75 items per day) or 97.78% in terms of weight (300 ± 181.99 kg per day) of the total litter collected. As the Cimandiri River is one of the major rivers with an outlet in the south of Java, this land-derived litter information could be an archetype for riverine ecosystems in the nation and region.

Background: Photocatalytic air purifiers based on nano-titanium dioxide (TiO 2) visible light activation provide an efficient solution for removing and degrading contaminants in air. The potential detachment of TiO 2 particles from the air purifier to indoor air could cause a safety concern. A TiO 2 release potential was measured for one commercially available photocatalytic air purifier \"Gearbox Wivactive\" to ensure a successful implementation of the photocatalytic air purifying technology. Methods: In this study, the TiO 2 release was studied under laboratory-simulated conditions from a  Gearbox Wivactive consisting of ceramic honeycombs coated with photocatalytic nitrogen doped TiO 2 particles. The TiO 2 particle release factor was measured in scalable units according to the photoactive surface area and volume flow (TiO 2-ng/m 2×m 3). The impact of  Gearbox Wivactive on indoor concentration level under reasonable worst-case conditions was predicted by using the release factor and a well-mixed indoor aerosol model. Results: The instrumentation and experimental setup was not sufficiently sensitive to quantify the emissions from the photoactive surfaces. The upper limit for TiO 2 mass release was <185×10 -3 TiO 2-ng/m 2×m 3. Under realistic conditions the TiO 2 concentration level in a 20 m 3 room ventilated at rate of 0.5 1/h and containing two Gearbox Wivactive units resulted <20×10 -3 TiO 2-ng/m 3. Conclusions: The release potential was quantified for a photocatalytic surface in generalized units that can be used to calculate the emission potential for different photocatalytic surfaces used in various operational conditions. This study shows that the TiO 2 nanoparticle release potential was low in this case and the release does not cause relevant exposure as compared to proposed occupational exposure limit values for nanosized TiO 2. The TiO 2 release risk was adequately controlled under reasonable worst-case operational conditions.

Reducing methane from livestock slurry is one of the quickest ways to counteract global warming. A straightforward strategy is to reduce slurry retention time inside pig houses by frequent transfer to outside storages, where temperature and therefore microbial activity are lower. We demonstrate three frequent slurry removal strategies in pig houses in a year-round continuous measurement campaign. Slurry funnels, slurry trays, and weekly flushing reduced slurry methane emission by 89, 81, and 53%, respectively. Slurry funnels and slurry trays reduced ammonia emission by 25-30%. An extended version of the anaerobic biodegradation model (ABM) was fitted and validated using barn measurements. It was then applied for predicting storage emission and shows that there is a risk of negating barn methane reductions due to increased emission from outside storage. Therefore, we recommend combining the removal strategies with anaerobic digestion pre-storage or storage mitigation technologies such as slurry acidification. However, even without storage mitigation technologies, predicted net methane reduction from pig houses and following outside storage was at least 30% for all slurry removal strategies.

To implement strict environmental targets in China\'s cement industry into small regions, one should evaluate the city-level eco-efficiency that provides comprehensive instruction. This study establishes a plant-level database with 4000+ production lines located in 341 cities, calculates the energy consumption and CO2, SO2, NOx, and PM emissions, evaluates the eco-efficiency in each city via Slacks-based Measure, and verifies the spatial features of these indicators. Results show that the energy consumption and emissions of the industry are highly concentrated, with ~10 % of the land area contributing to 28.4 %-34.6 % of the total amounts in 2019. The average eco-efficiency value of the clinker calcination and cement grinding processes are 0.761 and 0.714, but the city clusters having low eco-efficiency values are inconsistent with the ones having large energy consumption and emission amounts. The results can contribute to the implementation of the targets such as carbon peaking and pollution cap in China\'s cement industry.

This study focuses on effectively utilizing the biodiesel extracted from Azolla (third-generation biofuel), which is regarded as a renewable energy source, for fueling diesel engines. Biodiesel is unique due to its increased viscosity and different fatty acid composition, which proved difficult to attain better engine performance with a mechanical type injection system. This study expands on the previous investigation in modifying the fuel system when using Azolla biodiesel by using a common rail fuel injection system with wider injection flexibility. Considering the lack of more engine optimization studies for Azolla biodiesel, a parametric study is conducted by changing the fuel injection pressure in the range between 300 bar and 900 bar for diesel engine fueled by B20 (20% Azolla +80% diesel) blend. The experimental engine study revealed that the physical properties of the fuel adversely affect the in-cylinder combustion, which leads to poor engine performance and higher emissions at lower injection pressure (300 bar) for B20 when compared to diesel. As the injection pressure increases, the fuel atomization and other spray characteristics are enhanced and thereby improve the combustion. The Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) for B20 at 900 bar injection pressure is 3% higher than the diesel fuel at 300 bar injection pressure under full load conditions. The HC, CO, and smoke emission in the engine exhaust for B20 at 900 bar injection pressure was reduced by 13.3%, 28.5%, and 12.3%, respectively, when compared to diesel. Overall, this study recommends the operation of Azolla biodiesel blend in diesel at 900 bar fuel injection pressure to attain improved engine characteristics.

Some new N- and C-modified biomolecular peptide analogues of both VV-hemorphin-5 and VV-hemorphin-7 with varied amino acids (Cys, Glu, His), 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid, and niacin (nicotinic acid) were synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis-Fmoc (9-fluorenylmethoxy-carbonyl) chemistry and were characterized in water solutions with different pH using spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. Basic physicochemical properties related to the elucidation of the peptide structure at physiological pH have been also studied. The results showed that the interaction of peptide compounds with light and electricity preserves the structural and conformational integrity of the compounds in the solutions. Moreover, textile cotton fibers were modified with the new compounds and the binding of the peptides to the surface of the material was proved by FTIR and SEM analysis. Washing the material with an alkaline soap solution did not show a violation of the modified structure of the cotton. Antiviral activity against the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV-S2) and human adenovirus serotype 5 (HAdV-5), the antimicrobial activity against B. cereus and P. aeruginosa used as model bacterial strains and cytotoxic effect of the peptide derivatives and modified cotton textile material has been evaluated. Antimicrobial tests showed promising activity of the newly synthesized compounds against the used Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The compounds C-V, H-V, AC-V, and AH-V were found slightly more active than NH7C and NCH7. The activity has been retained after the deposition of the compounds on cotton fibers.