在当代社会,开发可靠的即时护理(POC)生物传感器以及时发现癌症标志物至关重要。在各种传感器类型中,基于丝网印刷电极(SPE)的传感器,特别是电化学的,成为POC应用的有希望的候选人。尽管正在努力创建许多基于SPE的传感器,不断追求提高他们的灵敏度和分析能力。这项研究提出了一种先进的电化学传感器,旨在灵敏地检测唾液中的肝细胞癌(HCC)标志物甲胎蛋白(AFP)。该传感器采用羟基磷灰石修饰的金SPE,TiO2纳米颗粒,1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺离子液体(IL),和AFP单克隆抗体。在使用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)进行彻底表征和优化后,生物传感器具有广泛的检测范围(0.01-400ng/mL),低检测限(LOD)为0.058ng/mL,并显示出高选择性,重复性,再现性,和稳定性。此外,当用加标的人类唾液样本测试时,生物传感器表现出优异的恢复性和鲁棒性,展示其非侵入性和POC诊断HCC的潜力。在环保意识评估中,使用AGREE指标评估生物传感器的绿色度,得了0.85分的高分。该分数表明生物传感器与绿色分析化学原理的一致性,强调其环保属性。这种创新的电化学传感器有助于持续努力的高效和可靠的POC诊断工具,并与开发环保解决方案的更广泛承诺保持一致。
In contemporary society, developing dependable point-of-care (POC) biosensors for the timely detection of cancer markers is crucial. Among various sensor types, screen-printed electrode (SPE)-based sensors, particularly electrochemical ones, stand out as promising candidates for POC applications. Despite ongoing efforts to create numerous SPE-based sensors, there is a continuous pursuit to enhance their sensitivity and analytical capabilities. This study presents an advanced electrochemical sensor designed to sensitively detect the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) marker Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in saliva. The sensor employs a gold SPE modified with hydroxyapatite, TiO2 nanoparticles, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide ionic liquid (IL), and AFP monoclonal antibodies. After thorough characterization and optimization using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the biosensor exhibited a broad detection range (0.01-400 ng/mL), a low limit of detection (LOD) at 0.058 ng/mL, and demonstrated high selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and stability. Furthermore, when tested with spiked human saliva samples, the biosensor displayed excellent recovery and robustness, showcasing its potential for noninvasive and POC diagnosis of HCC. In an environmentally conscious evaluation, the biosensor\'s greenness was assessed using the AGREE metric, yielding a high score of 0.85. This score indicates the biosensor\'s alignment with the principles of green analytical chemistry, underlining its eco-friendly attributes. This innovative electrochemical sensor contributes to the ongoing efforts for efficient and reliable POC diagnostic tools and aligns with a broader commitment to developing environmentally friendly solutions.