越来越多的证据表明,大多数原代沃顿的果冻间充质干细胞(WJ-MSCs)的治疗潜力是由于他们的旁分泌活性,即,它们通过释放生物活性分子和因子来调节其微环境的能力,这些生物活性分子和因子统称为分泌体。这些生物活性分子和因子可以直接释放到周围的微环境中,或者可以嵌入膜结合的细胞外生物活性纳米大小(通常为30-150nm)的信使颗粒或内体起源的囊泡中,具有特定的生物发生途径。称为外泌体或由相对较大的颗粒(100nm-1μm)携带,这些颗粒由质膜向外起泡形成,称为微囊泡(MV);外泌体和MV统称为细胞外囊泡(EV)。在分泌组中发现的生物活性分子和因子有各种类型,包括细胞因子,趋化因子,细胞骨架蛋白,整合素,生长因子,血管生成介质,荷尔蒙,代谢物,和调节核酸分子。不出所料,分泌组有不同的生物学功能,如免疫调节,组织补充,细胞内稳态,除了具有抗炎和抗纤维化作用。本文综述了WJ-MSCs分泌组的研究进展及其临床应用前景。
Accumulating evidence indicates that most primary Wharton\'s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) therapeutic potential is due to their paracrine activity, i.e., their ability to modulate their microenvironment by releasing bioactive molecules and factors collectively known as secretome. These bioactive molecules and factors can either be released directly into the surrounding microenvironment or can be embedded within the membrane-bound extracellular bioactive nano-sized (usually 30-150 nm) messenger particles or vesicles of endosomal origin with specific route of biogenesis, known as exosomes or carried by relatively larger particles (100 nm-1 μm) formed by outward blebbing of plasma membrane called microvesicles (MVs); exosomes and MVs are collectively known as extracellular vesicles (
EVs). The bioactive molecules and factors found in secretome are of various types, including cytokines, chemokines, cytoskeletal proteins, integrins, growth factors, angiogenic mediators, hormones, metabolites, and regulatory nucleic acid molecules. As expected, the secretome performs different biological functions, such as immunomodulation, tissue replenishment, cellular homeostasis, besides possessing anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. This
review highlights the current advances in research on the WJ-MSCs\' secretome and its prospective clinical applications.