PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs) are typically 30-150 nm in diameter, produced inside cells, and released into the extracellular space. These vesicles carry RNA, DNA, proteins, and lipids that reflect the characteristics of their parent cells, enabling communication between cells and the alteration of functions or differentiation of target cells. Owing to these properties, sEVs have recently gained attention as potential carriers for functional molecules and drug delivery tools. However, their use as a therapeutic platform faces limitations, such as challenges in mass production, purity issues, and the absence of established protocols and characterization methods. To overcome these, researchers are exploring the characterization and engineering of sEVs for various applications. This review discusses the origins of sEVs and their engineering for therapeutic effects, proposing areas needing intensive study. It covers the use of cell-derived sEVs in their natural state and in engineered forms for specific purposes. Additionally, the review details the sources of sEVs and their subsequent purification methods. It also outlines the potential of therapeutic sEVs and the requirements for successful clinical trials, including methods for large-scale production and purification. Finally, we discuss the progress of ongoing clinical trials and the implications for future healthcare, offering a comprehensive overview of the latest research in sEV applications.
摘要：
小细胞外囊泡（sEV）的直径通常为30-150nm，在细胞内产生，并释放到细胞外空间。这些囊泡携带RNA，DNA,蛋白质，和反映其亲本细胞特征的脂质，使细胞之间的通信和功能的改变或分化的靶细胞。由于这些属性，sEV最近作为功能分子和药物递送工具的潜在载体而受到关注。然而,它们作为治疗平台的使用面临着局限性，如大规模生产中的挑战，纯度问题,以及缺乏既定的方案和表征方法。为了克服这些，研究人员正在探索各种应用的电动汽车的表征和工程。这篇综述讨论了sEV的起源及其治疗效果的工程，提出需要深入研究的领域。它涵盖了细胞衍生的sEV在其自然状态和工程形式中用于特定目的的用途。此外,该审查详细介绍了sEV的来源及其随后的纯化方法。它还概述了治疗性sEV的潜力和成功临床试验的要求，包括大规模生产和纯化的方法。最后,我们讨论了正在进行的临床试验的进展以及对未来医疗保健的影响，全面概述了sEV应用的最新研究。
