目的:有交通违法行为的司机是一个特别高危的群体,然而,在这一群体中进行的研究很少。我们分析并综合了当前有关后续风险驾驶行为的文献,累犯,以及交通违章司机之间的撞车事故。
方法:我们搜索了PubMed,教育资源信息中心(ERIC),学术搜索完成,WebofScience,和Scopus在1999年1月1日至2023年5月31日以英文发表的文章。共有25篇文章符合选择标准,并被纳入最终分析。两名编码员独立提取和分析选定的文章,以识别文章中的共同类别,包括研究设计,研究人群,交通违规的类型,和研究结果,包括随后的驾驶行为,累犯,和崩溃风险。
结果:在选定的25篇文章中,19名(76%)涉及男性和女性参与者。14项(56%)研究为干预/评估研究,其他11人(44%)是观察性的。19项(76%)研究包括酒精受损的驾驶违规行为,23项(92%)研究将累犯作为一项结果衡量标准。超过一半的观察性研究表明,交通违法者更有可能犯下随后的交通违法行为或发生撞车的风险增加。大多数干预/评估研究表明,研究参与者在酒精影响下(DUI)的驾驶显着减少。然而,在主动干预期间观察到的这种积极效应并不总是持续的.
结论:交通违法者是随后违规和撞车的高风险群体。这项审查的证据要求在交通违规后实施更有效的干预措施,以防止累犯,崩溃,以及与撞车有关的伤亡。
OBJECTIVE: Drivers who have committed a traffic violation are a particularly high-risk group, yet studies conducted among this group are scarce. We analyzed and synthesized the current literature concerning subsequent risky driving behaviors, recidivism, and crashes among drivers with a traffic violation.
METHODS: We searched PubMed, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Academic Search Complete, Web of Science, and Scopus for articles published in English between January 1, 1999, and May 31, 2023. A total of 25 articles met the selection criteria and were included in the final analysis. Two coders independently extracted and analyzed the selected articles to identify common categories across the articles, including study design, study population, type of traffic violation, and study outcomes including subsequent driving behaviors, recidivism, and crash risks.
RESULTS: Of the 25 selected articles, 19 (76%) involved both male and female participants. Fourteen (56%) studies were interventions/evaluation studies, with the other 11 (44%) being observational. Nineteen (76%) studies included alcohol-impaired driving violations, and 23 (92%) studies examined recidivism as an outcome measure. Over half of the observational studies demonstrated that traffic offenders were more likely to commit a subsequent traffic violation or had elevated risk of crashes. Most of the intervention/evaluation studies demonstrated a significant reduction in driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol among the study participants. However, such positive effects observed during the active intervention period were not always sustained.
CONCLUSIONS: Traffic offenders are a high-risk group for subsequent violations and crashes. Evidence from this
review calls for more effective interventions implemented following a traffic violation to prevent recidivism, crashes, and crash-related injuries and deaths.