Developing nations

发展中国家
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    一个宁静和无污染的环境是联合国通过其可持续发展目标11的愿望。这项研究旨在探索人类在发展中国家城市环境中的各种努力,尼日利亚,作为一个案例研究。在随机选择的四百五十(450)名受访者中,完成并返回410份结构化问卷进行分析。目的数据分析采用描述性和推断性分析方法。在所有的受访者中,69.5%是女性,95.1%的人年龄在18至65岁之间,而85.3%的受访者至少受过中等教育。数据集进一步进行了KMO和Bartlett的测试,结果表明,在p≤0.05的置信水平下,数据是可分解的,为68%。因子分析从分析的21个变量中提取了7个变量。识别和提取的变量解释了由提取的因素解释的方差的87.745%,它们各自的解释方差如下:(i)城市中心的棕榈油活动(20.521%);(ii)食品自动售货机(14.153%);(iii)城市内的单个家庭(13.786%);(iv)屠宰板和房屋中的活动(11.384%);(v)汽车修理厂(9.45%)非计划范围内的这项研究应该给利益相关者提供进一步的见解,特别是城市规划中的政策制定者,如果人类的舒适度和可持续性得到增强,那么发展中国家的城市退化将有增无减,并且SDG11将在2030年成为现实。
    A serene and pollution-free environment is the desire of the United Nations through its Sustainable Development Goal 11. This research was designed to explore various human endeavours that drive pollution in urban environs in the developing countries with Iwo, Nigeria, as a case study. Out of the four hundred and fifty (450) respondents that were randomly selected, 410 copies of structured questionnaire were completed and returned for analysis. Descriptive and inferential analytical methods were adopted for the purpose data analysis. Of all the respondents, 69.5% were females, and 95.1% were between the ages of 18 and 65 years, while 85.3% of the respondents have a minimum of secondary education. The dataset was further subjected to KMO and Bartlett\'s Test, the results which showed that the data is factorable with 68% at confidence level of p ≤ 0.05. Factor analysis extracted 7 variables out of the 21 variables analysed. The identified and extracted variables explained 87.745% of the variance explained by the extracted factors and their respective explanation variance are as follows: (i) palm oil activities in urban centres (20.521%); (ii) food vending outlets (14.153%); (iii) individual households within cities (13.786%); (iv) activities in the slaughter slabs and houses (11.384%); (v) auto repair workshops (9.812%); (vi) unplanned refuse dumpsites (9.571%); and (vii) in-urban free-range keeping of animals (8.745%). This research should give further insights to stakeholders, especially the policy makers in urban planning on subduing the challenges of unabated urban degradation in developing nations if human comfort and sustainability will be enhanced and that SDG 11 will be a reality come 2030.
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  • 文章类型: Case Reports
    Kindler综合征,一种罕见的遗传性大疱性表皮松解症分支,是一种常染色体隐性遗传疾病,其特征是婴儿期出现疼痛性水泡和出血性水泡。随着年龄的增长,水泡的爆发被看到下降,留下纤维化,伤痕累累,和纸一样的皮肤,和变性人的特征。到现在为止,全世界仅报告了大约400例这种疾病。本报告旨在利用发展中国家有限的资源讨论金德勒综合症的存在和诊断。它描述了巴基斯坦血统的年轻男性中临床诊断的Kindler综合征的存在,该综合征始于婴儿期,多年来具有各种临床特征。尽管基因分析仍然是金德勒综合征诊断的黄金标准,对于第三世界国家来说,依靠诊断临床标准仍然有助于建立Kindler综合征的诊断以进行进一步治疗,从我们的病人身上看到的.
    Kindler syndrome, a rare branching of inherited epidermolysis bullosa, is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by the eruption of painful blisters and hemorrhagic vesicles in infancy. With age, the eruption of blisters are seen to decline leaving behind fibrosed, scarred, and paper-like skin, and poikilodermic features. To this date, about 400 cases have been reported worldwide for this disease only. This report aims to discuss the presence and diagnosis of Kindler Syndrome using limited resources in developing countries. It describes the presence of clinically diagnosed Kindler Syndrome in a young male of Pakistani descent that started in infancy and presented with a variety of clinical features over the years. Even though genetic analysis remains the gold standard diagnostic for Kindler syndrome, for third world countries, relying on Diagnostic clinical criteria remains helpful in establishing a diagnosis of Kindler syndrome for further management, as seen in our patient.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    Effective population-level solutions to the obesity pandemic have proved elusive. In low- and middle-income countries the problem may be further challenged by the perceived internal tension between economic development and sustainable solutions which create the optimal conditions for human health and well-being. This paper discusses some of the ecological obstacles to addressing the growing problem of obesity in \'aspiring\' economies, using Malaysia as a case study. The authors conclude that current measures to stimulate economic growth in Malaysia may actually be exacerbating the problem of obesity in that country. Public health solutions which address the wider context in which obesity exists are needed to change the course of this burgeoning problem.
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