发展中经济体是世界经济增长的重要引擎。然而,在经济快速变化的情况下,确保环境资产的质量仍然是大多数发展中国家面临的主要挑战。使用面板自回归分布滞后(ARDL)方法和异质因果关系检验,这项研究分析了能源使用的综合影响,工业化,国内生产总值(GDP)增长,和城市化对1995年至2018年期间23个发展中国家二氧化碳排放的影响。根据我们的分析,长期结果显示,能源使用量增加1%,经济增长,工业化,城市化使二氧化碳排放量增加了0.23%,0.17%,0.54%,和2.32%,分别。此外,我们模型的短期到长期均衡以每年0.19%的速度调整。最后,要验证面板ARDL的长期运行结果,使用完全修正的普通最小二乘(FMOLS)和动态普通最小二乘(DOLS)方法进行了稳健性测试。我们的结果证实,在发展中国家,二氧化碳排放主要受GDP增长的影响,能源使用,工业化,和城市化。此外,面板因果关系分析确定了能源使用之间的双向因果关系,GDP增长,城市化,工业化,和二氧化碳排放。虽然这些结果可以在我们选定的国家制定二氧化碳排放政策方面发挥重要作用,我们的研究还可以帮助其他发展中经济体的决策者和利益相关者实施重要的政策举措。这些包括,促进环境友好型工业化的税收优惠和基础设施发展,部署低碳技术,促进可持续的城市化和城市规划形式,同时也促进了对可再生能源平台的投资和采用的增加。建立这样一个全面的政策议程可以帮助新兴经济体实现长期强劲和环境可持续的GDP增长。
Developing economies are an important engine of world economic growth. However, ensuring the quality of environmental assets is maintained amid rapid economic change remains a major challenge for most developing countries. Using the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach and the heterogeneous causality test, this study analyzes the combined effects of energy usage, industrialization, gross domestic product (GDP) growth, and urbanization on CO2 emissions for 23 developing countries across the 1995 to 2018 period. From our analysis, the long-run results reveal that a 1% increase in energy use, economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization increases CO2 emissions by 0.23%, 0.17%, 0.54%, and 2.32%, respectively. Moreover, our model\'s short- to long-term equilibriums are adjusted at a yearly rate of 0.19%. Finally, to verify the panel ARDL long-run results, robustness tests were carried out using the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) approaches. Our results confirm that in the case of developing countries, CO2 emissions are primarily influenced by GDP growth, energy use, industrialization, and urbanization. Furthermore, the panel causality analysis identified a bidirectional causal relationship between energy use, GDP growth, urbanization, industrialization, and CO2 emissions. While these results can play an instrumental role in formulating CO2 emission policies among our selected countries, our research can also assist policy makers and stakeholders in other developing economies implement important policy initiatives. These include, tax incentives and infrastructural developments that nurture environmentally friendly industrialization, deploy low-carbon technologies, promote sustainable forms of urbanization and urban planning, while also facilitating increases in both the investment in and adoption of renewable energy platforms. The establishment of such a comprehensive policy agenda can help emerging economies achieve strong and environmentally sustainable GDP growth over the long-term.