Abstract：
A serene and pollution-free environment is the desire of the United Nations through its Sustainable Development Goal 11. This research was designed to explore various human endeavours that drive pollution in urban environs in the developing countries with Iwo, Nigeria, as a case study. Out of the four hundred and fifty (450) respondents that were randomly selected, 410 copies of structured questionnaire were completed and returned for analysis. Descriptive and inferential analytical methods were adopted for the purpose data analysis. Of all the respondents, 69.5% were females, and 95.1% were between the ages of 18 and 65 years, while 85.3% of the respondents have a minimum of secondary education. The dataset was further subjected to KMO and Bartlett\'s Test, the results which showed that the data is factorable with 68% at confidence level of p ≤ 0.05. Factor analysis extracted 7 variables out of the 21 variables analysed. The identified and extracted variables explained 87.745% of the variance explained by the extracted factors and their respective explanation variance are as follows: (i) palm oil activities in urban centres (20.521%); (ii) food vending outlets (14.153%); (iii) individual households within cities (13.786%); (iv) activities in the slaughter slabs and houses (11.384%); (v) auto repair workshops (9.812%); (vi) unplanned refuse dumpsites (9.571%); and (vii) in-urban free-range keeping of animals (8.745%). This research should give further insights to stakeholders, especially the policy makers in urban planning on subduing the challenges of unabated urban degradation in developing nations if human comfort and sustainability will be enhanced and that SDG 11 will be a reality come 2030.
摘要：
一个宁静和无污染的环境是联合国通过其可持续发展目标11的愿望。这项研究旨在探索人类在发展中国家城市环境中的各种努力，尼日利亚,作为一个案例研究。在随机选择的四百五十（450）名受访者中，完成并返回410份结构化问卷进行分析。目的数据分析采用描述性和推断性分析方法。在所有的受访者中,69.5%是女性，95.1%的人年龄在18至65岁之间，而85.3%的受访者至少受过中等教育。数据集进一步进行了KMO和Bartlett的测试，结果表明，在p≤0.05的置信水平下，数据是可分解的，为68％。因子分析从分析的21个变量中提取了7个变量。识别和提取的变量解释了由提取的因素解释的方差的87.745％，它们各自的解释方差如下：（i）城市中心的棕榈油活动（20.521%）；（ii）食品自动售货机（14.153%）；（iii）城市内的单个家庭（13.786%）；（iv）屠宰板和房屋中的活动（11.384％）；（v）汽车修理厂（9.45％）非计划范围内的这项研究应该给利益相关者提供进一步的见解，特别是城市规划中的政策制定者，如果人类的舒适度和可持续性得到增强，那么发展中国家的城市退化将有增无减，并且SDG11将在2030年成为现实。
