新兴污染物(EC)是越来越多地存在于环境中的各种不受管制的污染物。这些污染物,包括药品,个人护理产品,内分泌干扰物,和工业化学品,可以通过各种途径进入环境并坚持下去,在食物链中积累,对生态系统和人类健康构成风险。这篇全面的综述检查了化学特性,来源,和各种ECs。它批判性地评估了当前对其环境和健康影响的理解,强调检测和分析方面的最新进展和挑战。检讨亦会评估现有的规例及政策,找出缺点并提出潜在的改进措施。ECs通过破坏动物激素对野生动植物和生态系统构成重大风险,导致遗传改变,降低多样性和弹性,改变土壤养分动态和物理环境。此外,ECs对人类健康的风险越来越大,包括荷尔蒙的紊乱,抗生素耐药性,内分泌干扰,神经效应,致癌作用,以及其他长期影响。为了解决这些关键问题,这篇综述为未来的研究提供了建议,强调需要进一步调查的领域,以了解这些污染物的全部影响。它还建议增加对研究的资金和支持,先进检测技术的发展,建立标准化方法,通过预防条例,加强公众意识和教育,跨部门合作,并将科学研究纳入决策。通过实施这些解决方案,我们可以提高我们的检测能力,监视器,并管理EC,降低环境和公共卫生风险。
Emerging contaminants (ECs) are a diverse group of unregulated pollutants increasingly present in the environment. These contaminants, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors, and industrial chemicals, can enter the environment through various pathways and persist, accumulating in the food chain and posing risks to ecosystems and human health. This comprehensive
review examines the chemical characteristics, sources, and varieties of ECs. It critically evaluates the current understanding of their environmental and health impacts, highlighting recent advancements and challenges in detection and analysis. The
review also assesses existing regulations and policies, identifying shortcomings and proposing potential enhancements. ECs pose significant risks to wildlife and ecosystems by disrupting animal hormones, causing genetic alterations that diminish diversity and resilience, and altering soil nutrient dynamics and the physical environment. Furthermore, ECs present increasing risks to human health, including hormonal disruptions, antibiotic resistance, endocrine disruption, neurological effects, carcinogenic effects, and other long-term impacts. To address these critical issues, the
review offers recommendations for future research, emphasizing areas requiring further investigation to comprehend the full implications of these contaminants. It also suggests increased funding and support for research, development of advanced detection technologies, establishment of standardized methods, adoption of precautionary regulations, enhanced public awareness and education, cross-sectoral collaboration, and integration of scientific research into policy-making. By implementing these solutions, we can improve our ability to detect, monitor, and manage ECs, reducing environmental and public health risks.