Abstract：
Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), the major virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus, cause a wide range of food poisoning and seriously threaten human health by infiltrating the food supply chain at different phases of manufacture, processes, distribution, and market. The significant prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus calls for efficient, fast, and sensitive methods for the early detection of SEs. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the hazards of SEs in contaminated food, the characteristic and worldwide regulations of SEs, and various detection methods for SEs with extensive comparison and discussion of benefits and drawbacks, mainly including biological detection, genetic detection, and mass spectrometry detection and biosensors. We highlight the biosensors for the screening purpose of SEs, which are classified according to different recognition elements such as antibodies, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers, T-cell receptors, and transducers such as optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric biosensors. We analyzed challenges of biosensors for the monitoring of SEs and conclude the trends for the development of novel biosensors should pay attention to improve samples pretreatment efficiency, employ innovative nanomaterials, and develop portable instruments. This review provides new information and insightful commentary, important to the development and innovation of further detection methods for SEs in food samples.
摘要：
葡萄球菌肠毒素（SE），金黄色葡萄球菌的主要毒力因子，在生产的不同阶段渗透食品供应链，导致广泛的食物中毒，严重威胁人类健康，进程,分布，和市场。金黄色葡萄球菌的显著流行要求高效，快,和早期检测SE的敏感方法。这里,我们全面审查了受污染食品中SEs的危害，SE的特点和世界性规定，以及SEs的各种检测方法，对利弊进行了广泛的比较和讨论，主要包括生物检测,基因检测,以及质谱检测和生物传感器。我们重点介绍了用于筛查SE的生物传感器，根据不同的识别元素如抗体分类，适体,分子印迹聚合物，T细胞受体,和传感器，如光学，电化学,和压电生物传感器。我们分析了生物传感器监测SEs的挑战，并总结了新型生物传感器的发展趋势，应注意提高样品的预处理效率。采用创新的纳米材料，开发便携式仪器。这篇评论提供了新的信息和有见地的评论，对食品样品中SEs进一步检测方法的发展和创新具有重要意义。
