领导是社会有机体中普遍存在的现象,它被认为可以促进个人之间的协调。虽然领导在群体觅食或群体运动中的作用是众所周知的,目前尚不清楚领导人是否也将受益于更复杂的协调形式。特别是,许多生物通过共识决策进行协调,个人明确地传达他们的意见,直到他们收敛到一个共同的决定。从物理科学中获得灵感,我们扩展了共识形成模型来整合领导者,我们通过三个特征来定义:说服力,健谈,和固执。我们使用数值模拟来研究领导者的数量及其特征对团队达成共识所花费的时间的影响。以及最终决定中的偏见。我们表明,拥有少数有影响力的个人(领导者)和大多数有影响力的个人(追随者)减少了达成共识的时间,但是决定偏向于领导人的偏好。这种影响完全来自个体人格特质的差异,最决定性的特征是个体的健谈。总的来说,我们对领导者及其特征对共识决策的影响进行了全面调查。
Leadership is a widespread phenomena in social organisms and it is recognised to facilitate
coordination between individuals. While the role of leadership in group foraging or swarm movement is well understood, it is not clear if leaders would also benefit more complex forms of
coordination. In particular, a number of organisms coordinate by
consensus decision-making, where individuals explicitly communicate their opinions until they converge toward a common decision. Taking inspiration from physical sciences, we extend a
consensus formation model to integrate leaders, which we define by three traits: persuasiveness, talkativeness, and stubbornness. We use numerical simulations to investigate the effect of the number of leaders and their characteristics on the time a group spends to reach consensus, and the bias in the final decision. We show that having a minority of influential individuals (leaders) and a majority of influenceable individuals (followers) reduces the time to reach consensus, but biases the decision towards the preferences of the leaders. This effect emerges solely from the differences in individuals\' personality traits, with the most determinant trait being the talkativeness of the individuals. Overall, we provide a comprehensive investigation of the effects of leaders and their traits on
consensus decision-making.