背景:KBG综合征是由ANKRD11的单倍体功能不全引起的,其特征是上中央切牙的巨大牙体,独特的面部特征,身材矮小,骨骼异常,发育迟缓,大脑畸形和癫痫发作。中枢神经系统(CNS)和骨骼特征仍未明确。
方法:通过国际网络从分子确认的KBG综合征个体中收集CNS和/或骨骼成像。我们评估了原始成像,并将我们的结果与文献中的数据进行了比较。
结果:我们确定了53个人,44与CNS和40与骨骼成像。常见的中枢神经系统发现包括不完全的海马倒置和后颅窝畸形;这些明显比以前报道的更常见(63.4%和65.9%vs1.1%和24.7%,分别)。其他特征包括髌状内耳道,以前从未在KBG综合征中描述过,以及脑室肥大的复发,脑囊肿,空蝶鞍和低洼的延髓圆锥.我们发现这些结构异常与癫痫或智力障碍之间没有相关性。普遍的骨骼发现包括脊柱异常,包括脊柱侧凸,尾骨异常和颈肋骨。手部X射线显示腕骨形态和成熟频繁异常,与掌骨/指骨相比,骨化的延迟更大。
结论:该队列使我们能够描述KBG综合征中非常异质性的神经放射学和骨骼异常的患病率。了解此类异常的频谱将有助于诊断准确性,改善患者护理,为未来研究ANKRD11变异体在骨骼和大脑发育中的作用提供参考。
BACKGROUND: KBG syndrome is caused by haploinsufficiency of ANKRD11 and is characterised by macrodontia of upper central incisors, distinctive facial features, short stature, skeletal anomalies, developmental delay, brain malformations and seizures. The central nervous system (CNS) and skeletal features remain poorly defined.
METHODS: CNS and/or skeletal imaging were collected from molecularly confirmed individuals with KBG syndrome through an international network. We evaluated the original imaging and compared our results with data in the literature.
RESULTS: We identified 53 individuals, 44 with CNS and 40 with skeletal imaging. Common CNS findings included incomplete hippocampal inversion and posterior fossa malformations; these were significantly more common than previously reported (63.4% and 65.9% vs 1.1% and 24.7%, respectively). Additional features included patulous internal auditory canal, never described before in KBG syndrome, and the recurrence of ventriculomegaly, encephalic cysts, empty sella and low-lying conus medullaris. We found no correlation between these structural anomalies and epilepsy or intellectual disability. Prevalent skeletal findings comprised abnormalities of the spine including scoliosis, coccygeal anomalies and cervical ribs. Hand X-rays revealed frequent abnormalities of carpal bone morphology and maturation, including a greater delay in ossification compared with metacarpal/phalanx bones.
CONCLUSIONS: This cohort enabled us to describe the prevalence of very heterogeneous neuroradiological and skeletal anomalies in KBG syndrome. Knowledge of the spectrum of such anomalies will aid diagnostic accuracy, improve patient care and provide a reference for future research on the effects of ANKRD11 variants in skeletal and brain development.