部分加固熄灭效应(PREE)是指如果受试者不一致(“部分”)加固,则条件响应熄灭的速度比每次试验都加固(“连续”加固)的速度更慢。一个很大程度上成功的描述,被称为顺序理论(Capaldi,1966),这表明,当受试者部分强化时,他们了解到,非强化试验序列的记忆与随后的强化有关。这种关联有助于保持响应(即,延迟灭绝)当受试者在灭绝期间经历非强化试验时。顺序理论对PREE的解释取决于受试者在习得过程中学习非强化试验的顺序。然而,这种顺序学习的直接证据是没有在PREE的先前研究中可用,其中动物用随机混合的不同长度的多个序列进行训练,因此,无法预料在收购期间是否会加强给定的试验。当前的研究进行了两个实验,以单个固定的试验序列训练大鼠,以提供条件调节过程中顺序学习的证据,然后观察它对PREE的影响。在一种情况下,大鼠确实了解了固定序列,但随后没有显示PREE,而其他显示PREE的大鼠在调节过程中没有学习试验序列.因此,与序列理论的预测相反,我们的结果表明,对于PREE来说,了解试验序列既不需要也不充分.我们建议,PREE可能取决于条件刺激是否会得到加强的不确定性。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2024APA,保留所有权利)。
The partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) refers to the phenomenon that conditioned responding extinguishes more slowly if subjects had been inconsistently (\"partially\") reinforced than if they had been reinforced on every
trial (\"continuously\" reinforced). One largely successful account of the PREE, known as sequential theory (Capaldi, 1966), suggests that, when subjects are partially reinforced, they learn that memories of sequences of nonreinforced trials are associated with subsequent reinforcement. This association helps to maintain responding (i.e., delay extinction) when the subjects experience nonreinforced trials during extinction. Sequential theory\'s explanation of the PREE hinges on subjects learning sequences of nonreinforced trials during acquisition. However, direct evidence for such sequential learning is not available in previous studies of the PREE where animals are trained with multiple sequences of different lengths that are randomly intermixed and, therefore, cannot anticipate whether a given
trial will be reinforced during acquisition. The current
study conducted two experiments that trained rats with a single fixed
trial sequence to provide evidence of sequential learning during conditioning, and then observe its effect on the PREE. Under one condition the rats did learn about the fixed sequence but did not subsequently show a PREE, whereas other rats that did show a PREE had not learned the
trial sequences during conditioning. Therefore, contrary to sequential theory\'s prediction, our result suggests that learning about the
trial sequence is neither necessary nor sufficient for the PREE. We suggest that the PREE may instead depend on uncertainty about whether the conditioned stimulus will be reinforced. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).