Computer

计算机
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    UNASSIGNED: To develop a natural language processing application capable of automatically identifying benign gallbladder diseases that require surgery, from radiology reports.
    UNASSIGNED: We developed a text classifier to classify reports as describing benign diseases of the gallbladder that do or do not require surgery. We randomly selected 1,200 reports describing the gallbladder from our database, including different modalities. Four radiologists classified the reports as describing benign disease that should or should not be treated surgically. Two deep learning architectures were trained for classification: a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network. In order to represent words in vector form, the models included a Word2Vec representation, with dimensions of 300 or 1,000. The models were trained and evaluated by dividing the dataset into training, validation, and subsets (80/10/10).
    UNASSIGNED: The CNN and BiLSTM performed well in both dimensional spaces. For the 300- and 1,000-dimensional spaces, respectively, the F1-scores were 0.95945 and 0.95302 for the CNN model, compared with 0.96732 and 0.96732 for the BiLSTM model.
    UNASSIGNED: Our models achieved high performance, regardless of the architecture and dimensional space employed.
    UNASSIGNED: Desenvolver uma aplicação de processamento de linguagem natural capaz de identificar automaticamente doenças cirúrgicas benignas da vesícula biliar a partir de laudos radiológicos.
    UNASSIGNED: Desenvolvemos um classificador de texto para classificar laudos como contendo ou não doenças cirúrgicas benignas da vesícula biliar. Selecionamos aleatoriamente 1.200 laudos com descrição da vesícula biliar de nosso banco de dados, incluindo diferentes modalidades. Quatro radiologistas classificaram os laudos como doença benigna cirúrgica ou não. Duas arquiteturas de aprendizagem profunda foram treinadas para a classificação: a rede neural convolucional (convolutional neural network - CNN) e a memória longa de curto prazo bidirecional (bidirectional long short-term memory - BiLSTM). Para representar palavras de forma vetorial, os modelos incluíram uma representação Word2Vec, com dimensões variando de 300 a 1000. Os modelos foram treinados e avaliados por meio da divisão do conjunto de dados entre treinamento, validação e teste (80/10/10).
    UNASSIGNED: CNN e BiLSTM tiveram bom desempenho em ambos os espaços dimensionais. Relatamos para 300 e 1000 dimensões, respectivamente, as pontuações F1 de 0,95945 e 0,95302 para o modelo CNN e de 0,96732 e 0,96732 para a BiLSTM.
    UNASSIGNED: Nossos modelos alcançaram alto desempenho, independentemente de diferentes arquiteturas e espaços dimensionais.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Pubmed)

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    BACKGROUND: In the daily lives of people, the level of anxiety plays a significant role. This applies to students, who experience anxiety when taking examinations referred to as examination anxiety. Majority of the current educational institutions have shifted from a traditional evaluation system to one that is computerized. The present study aim is to identify the computerized examination anxiety (CEA) among college students in the Faculty of Health and to compare the differences among them based on study system and gender.
    METHODS: The research is a descriptive quantitative design. The research population consists of 138 health college students. CEA scale was used to identify the level of examination anxiety among students. Data were then exposed to analysis, namely the descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, and Chi-square tests, to obtain the answers to the research questions at the level of <0.05.
    RESULTS: Based on the findings, the CEA experienced by the health students was of moderate level. The findings also showed insignificant differences between students\' levels of anxiety based on gender and study system at <0.05 value.
    CONCLUSIONS: The study contributed to literature by adding a study related to CEA during COVID-19. The study enumerated implications and recommendations based on the findings.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Pubmed)

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    Background: With the evolution of contemporary occupations mediated by digital technologies (DTs), there is a need for occupational therapists to develop and structure knowledge on how to support older adults\' engagement in occupations and social participation in a digitalised society.Objective: The objective of this study is to explore how tailoring to support older adults\' engagement in DT-mediated occupations could be schematised.Material and methods: The study employed a multiple case study methodology. There were nine cases, with each case involving an older adult undergoing a collaborative process to support engagement in DT-mediated occupations. The collaborative process was initiated through questionnaires, observations, and dialogues. Meetings and tailoring strategies were documented in fieldnotes and memos on tailoring, respectively. Semi-structured interviews concluded data collection. Cross-case synthesis was used in data analysis.Results: The result is a proposed scheme for tailoring to support older adults\' engagement in digital technology-mediated occupations, wherein strategies undertaken in the collaborative processes were synthesised and described.Conclusion and significance: The proposed scheme for tailoring could contribute to occupational therapists\' knowledge on how to support older adults\' engagement in contemporary occupations. Testing the model in various practice settings is recommended in order to enhance occupational therapy practice.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Sci-hub)

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    背景:美国病理学家学院(CAP)要求对所有肿瘤切除进行天气报告。
    目的:比较产生天气报告的不同方法的性能。
    方法:完整性,修正率,及时订购辅助研究的比率(T4/N1结肠癌的KRAS),比较了四种不同的天气报告生成方法和结构化数据文件的提取。
    结果:直接从CAP网站使用打印的肿瘤方案具有最低的完整性(84%)和最高的修正率(1.8%)。重新格式化这些协议与更高的完整性相关(94%,P<0.001)和减少的修正(1%,P=0.20)费率。提取到结构化数据文件中的成功率为93%。基于单词的宏提高了完整性(98%与94%,P<0.001),但不是修正率(1.5%)。KRAS是在89%的时间退出之前订购的。相比之下,基于Web的产品,在缺少物品时带有提醒标志,用于数据提取的嵌入式标志,并提醒在适当的时候订购KRAS,从而提高了完整性(100%,P=0.005),修正率(0.3%,P=0.03),KRAS在注销前订购(100%,P=0.23),和结构化数据提取(100%,P<0.001),而不会降低读者提取数据的速度(P=0.34)或准确性(P=1.00)。
    结论:完整性,修正率,辅助测试订购率,并且数据提取率随用于构建天气报告的方法而显着变化。基于Web的方法与所检查的所有其他方法相比具有优势,并且不会降低读者的可用性。
    BACKGROUND: The College of American Pathologists (CAP) requires synoptic reporting of all tumor excisions.
    OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of different methods of generating synoptic reports.
    METHODS: Completeness, amendment rates, rate of timely ordering of ancillary studies (KRAS in T4/N1 colon carcinoma), and structured data file extraction were compared for four different synoptic report generating methods.
    RESULTS: Use of the printed tumor protocols directly from the CAP website had the lowest completeness (84%) and highest amendment (1.8%) rates. Reformatting these protocols was associated with higher completeness (94%, P < 0.001) and reduced amendment (1%, P = 0.20) rates. Extraction into a structured data file was successful 93% of the time. Word-based macros improved completeness (98% vs. 94%, P < 0.001) but not amendment rates (1.5%). KRAS was ordered before sign out 89% of the time. In contrast, a web-based product with a reminder flag when items were missing, an embedded flag for data extraction, and a reminder to order KRAS when appropriate resulted in improved completeness (100%, P = 0.005), amendment rates (0.3%, P = 0.03), KRAS ordering before sign out (100%, P = 0.23), and structured data extraction (100%, P < 0.001) without reducing the speed (P = 0.34) or accuracy (P = 1.00) of data extraction by the reader.
    CONCLUSIONS: Completeness, amendment rates, ancillary test ordering rates, and data extraction rates vary significantly with the method used to construct the synoptic report. A web-based method compares favorably with all other methods examined and does not reduce reader usability.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Pubmed)

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    目的:研究静脉血栓栓塞与长期工作和计算机相关的坐位不动之间的关系。
    方法:病例对照研究。
    方法:病例为200名在过去6个月内有深静脉血栓形成和/或肺栓塞病史的患者,对照组是过去6个月在骨折诊所接受上肢损伤治疗的200例患者。
    方法:使用Logistic回归评估静脉血栓栓塞与指征事件发生前28天内长时间工作和计算机相关的坐位不动之间的关系。长期工作和计算机相关的坐姿不动首先被定义为一个分类变量,在24小时内至少坐10小时,包括至少2小时不起床;其次是在24小时内坐着的实际时间。
    结果:36例(18%)和31例(15.5%)对照中存在与工作和计算机相关的长期坐位不动(分类变量)。在多变量分析中,长期坐位不动和静脉血栓栓塞之间没有显著关联,优势比1.18(95%CI0.56至2.48),P=0.67。对于24小时内的平均和最大就座小时数,静脉血栓栓塞每增加1小时的关联比值比为1.08(95%CI1.01~1.6),P=0.02和1.04(95%CI0.99至1.09),P分别=0.08。
    结论:这项研究发现静脉血栓栓塞与长时间工作和计算机相关的坐位不动之间存在弱关联,随着平均坐位时间的增加,静脉血栓栓塞的风险更高。
    OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between venous thromboembolism and prolonged work- and computer-related seated immobility.
    METHODS: A case-control study.
    METHODS: Cases were 200 patients attending venous thromboembolism clinics with a history of deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism in the past six months, and controls were 200 patients treated in fracture clinic for an upper limb injury in the past six months.
    METHODS: Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between venous thromboembolism and prolonged work- and computer-related seated immobility in the 28 days before the index event. Prolonged work- and computer-related seated immobility was defined firstly as a categorical variable with at least 10 h seated in a 24-h period, including at least 2 h without getting up; and secondly as the actual time spent seated in a 24-h period.
    RESULTS: Prolonged work- and computer-related seated immobility (categorical variable) was present in 36 (18%) cases and 31 (15.5%) controls. In multivariate analysis, there was no significant association between prolonged seated immobility and venous thromboembolism, odds ratio 1.18 (95% CI 0.56 to 2.48), P = 0.67. For the mean and maximum number of hours seated in a 24-h period, the odds ratios for the association per additional hour seated with venous thromboembolism were 1.08 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.6), P = 0.02 and 1.04 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.09), P = 0.08, respectively.
    CONCLUSIONS: This study found a weak association between venous thromboembolism and prolonged work- and computer-related seated immobility, with increasing mean hours seated associated with a higher risk of venous thromboembolism.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Sci-hub)

       PDF(Pubmed)

  • 文章类型: Case Reports
    Occupational ulnar neuropathy at the elbow joint develops in the course of long term direct pressure on the nerve and a persistently flexed elbow posture, but first of all, it is strongly associated with \"holding a tool in a certain position\" repetitively. Therefore, computer work only in exceptional cases can be considered as a risk factor for the neuropathy. Ulnar hypermobility at the elbow might be one of the risk factors in the development of occupational ulnar neuropathy; however, this issue still remains disputable. As this condition is mostly of congenital origin, an additional factor, such as a direct acute or chronic professional or non-professional trauma, is needed for clinical manifestations. We describe a patient - a computer user with a right ulnar nerve complete dislocation and left ulnar nerve hypermobility, unaware of her anomaly until symptoms of left ulnar neuropathy occurred in the course of job exposure. The patient was exposed to repetitive long lasting pressure of the left elbow and forearm on the hard support on the cupboard and desk because of a non-ergonomically designed workplace. The additional coexistent congenital abnormal displacement of the ulnar nerve from the postcondylar groove during flexion at the elbow increased the possibility of its mechanical injury. We recognized left ulnar neuropathy at the ulnar groove as an occupational disease. An early and accurate diagnosis of any form of hypermobility of ulnar nerve, informing patients about it, prevention of an ulnar nerve injury as well as compliance with ergonomic rules are essential to avoid development of occupational and non-occupational neuropathy.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

    求助全文

  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine how lifestyle behaviors in the context of physical activity levels and screen time are associated with school absenteeism.
    METHODS: We analyzed 2005-2008 NHANES data of proxy interviews for 1048 children aged 6-11 years and in-person self-reports of 1117 adolescents aged 12-18 years. Missing 10% of school days during the past school year was defined as severe school absenteeism (SSA).
    RESULTS: Watching TV ≥2 hours a day was significantly associated with SSA among both children (OR = 3.51 [1.03-12.0]) and adolescents (OR = 3.96 [1.84-8.52]) compared with their peers watching <2 hours a day. A U-shaped association was identified between the level of physical activity and SSA among children. Both inactive children (OR = 12.4 [1.43-108]) and highly active children (14.8 [2.82-77.7]) had higher odds of SSA compared with children with medium levels of physical activity. No associations were observed for either children 0.57 ([0.16-1.99]) or adolescents (0.94 [0.44-2.03]) using a computer ≥3 hours a day.
    CONCLUSIONS: Cross-sectional study involving self-reports. Transportation to and from school not included in physical activity assessment. Absenteeism was not validated with report cards. Unable to account for the absence type or frequency of illness or injury. No psychometric properties provided for subjective measures regarding participants\' attitudes and characteristic traits towards physical activity, TV viewing, and school attendance.
    CONCLUSIONS: Excessive TV watching among children and adolescents, and inactivity and high activity levels (≥7 times per week) among children are independently associated with severe school absenteeism.
    导出

    更多引用

    收藏

    翻译标题摘要

    我要上传

       PDF(Sci-hub)

公众号