This editorial critiques the existing literature on decolonizing global health, using the current assault on health in Gaza as a case in point. It argues that the failure to address the ongoing violence and blatant targeting of health facilities, personnel and innocent civilians demonstrates most clearly the limitations of an approach that is strong on rhetoric and weak on mounting a forthright challenge to the entire system supporting and perpetuating settler colonialism. We propose a more radical rethinking of the position of global health institutions within the current neoliberal system and of the systems of knowledge production that continue to underpin the existing colonial approach to the health of victims of settler colonialism.

UNASSIGNED: Over the past two years, public health practitioners in African countries have worked actively to combat the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with relatively low fatality rates. This pandemic has forced healthcare professionals to re-think and redesign the healthcare system within their own country.
UNASSIGNED: Using the Afrocentric PEN-3 framework and a letter style, the purpose of this commentary was to describe the positive, existential, and negative socio-cultural values associated with African healthcare systems. The commentary also highlights socio-cultural factors affecting public trust in African healthcare systems and their health agencies and how systematically decolonizing them may decrease foreign reliance and empower efficient locally based solutions.
UNASSIGNED: We, as African public health practitioners, make three key points in this commentary. First, African public health practitioners have developed resilience within under-resourced healthcare systems. Secondly, oral tradition in African societies and its byproduct (social media) is the means through which people connect and share what they know about any topics (COVID-19). Thirdly, African leaders have particularly contributed to the high level of distrust in their countries\' healthcare systems in favor of the healthcare systems of industrialized countries.
UNASSIGNED: This commentary concludes with implications for encouraging African public health practitioners to cultivate the resilience that has led to contributing to the wellness of millions of Africans during this COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and communities through consultation has been a key feature of policy implementation throughout the Australian Government\'s \"Closing the Gap\" (CTG) strategy. However, consultation often reinforces power imbalances between government and local community and can undervalue or marginalise Indigenous knowledge and leadership. Occupational therapy has a short history of examining colonial power structures within the profession, but there has been limited progress to decolonise consultation and practice.
METHODS: Drawing on decolonising research methodology and positioned at the interface of knowledge, comparative case studies were used to understand policy implementation in two regions. In Shepparton, Victoria, CTG policy was implemented predominately through an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation, and in Southern Adelaide, South Australia, CTG policy was implemented through mainstream state government and non-government providers in the absence of a local Aboriginal-controlled organisation. Findings were examined critically to identify implications for occupational therapy.
RESULTS: Our case studies showed that policy stakeholders perceived consultation to be tokenistic and partnerships were viewed differently by Aboriginal and non-Indigenous participants. Participants identified the need to move beyond a rhetoric of \"working with\" Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, to promote Aboriginal leadership and really listen to community so that policy can respond to local need. The findings of this research show that Aboriginal-controlled services are best positioned to conduct and respond to community consultation.
CONCLUSIONS: A decolonising approach to consultation would shift the status quo in policy implementation in ways that realign power away from colonial structures towards collaboration with Indigenous leadership and the promotion of Aboriginal-controlled services. There are lessons for occupational therapy from this research on policy implementation on authentic, decolonised consultation as a key feature of policy implementation. Shifting power imbalances through prioritising Indigenous leadership and honouring what is shared can drive change in CTG policy implementation processes and outcomes.

Forensic science has made some significant contributions to the investigation of human rights abuses related to armed conflicts, especially in the last 40 years. Some investigations are aimed at the collection of evidence in order to prosecute those responsible, while others are humanitarian in nature. This paper presents the multidisciplinary effort to recover and identify the remains of a 7-year-old child who was shot by British colonial forces in Cyprus in 1956. An investigation led to the discovery of the burial site, and archaeological methods were used to recover the remains. The anthropological examination provided information about the age of the child, as well as the nature of the skeletal trauma present. DNA results confirmed the identity of the victim, and the remains were released to the surviving family members for burial.

To understand the role of power in health policy processes in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) contexts, it is necessary to engage with global and local power structures and their historical contexts. In this commentary, we outline three dimensions that shape a dominant power in health policy processes-the biomedical power. We propose that understanding the linkages between medical power and colonialism; the close connection of public health, medicine and elite networks; and the intersectionalities that shape the powers of medical professionals can offer the means to examine the biomedical hegemony in health policy processes. Additionally we suggest that a more nuanced understanding of the interaction of local powers with global funding can offer some entry points to achieving more equitable and interdisciplinary health policy processes in LMICs.

Students across disciplines in UK universities are demanding decolonisation of their education. These demands aim to resist the white European colonial endeavour that create racist inequalities. To address racial inequalities, the dental discipline has predominantly focused on diversity rather than decolonisation. By using two inter-related referents of decolonisation to dental caries and cosmetic dentistry, this article demonstrates the epistemic violence exerted through the objective hierarchised knowledge practices in dentistry. First, by starting from the position of racisms, empire and slavery, the enduring colonial patterns of power and hierarchies come into view. We see how knowledge production in dentistry has neglected the interconnected histories of colonialism, racial capitalism and patriarchy that continue to shape oral health inequalities and work towards promoting white supremacist beauty ideals. Moreover, the interconnected character of inequalities - race, class and gender - begin to emerge. Second, by proceeding from the place of colonialism, the limits of dental knowledge and the violence embedded in knowledge practices emerge. This highlights the need for new ways of knowing. To decolonise is to confront and weaken the dental discipline\'s entanglement with the enduring colonial patterns of power and hierarchies that are complicit in maintaining inequalities. Diversity without decolonisation will simply subsume marginalised voices into the existing hierarchised knowledge paradigm and continue to reproduce a hierarchised, unequal world. I argue that if dental schools want to address racial and intersectional inequalities, they need new transformative ways of learning and knowing to equip students to work towards social justice in the outside world.

This article explores how brucellosis became a racialized disease in Israel, where almost all patients are Palestinians. Informed by legal and historical research, the article demonstrates how colonial and settler-colonial policies have targeted Palestinians and their goats and contributed to the distribution of brucellosis along ethno-national lines. Goats, once ubiquitous to the landscape, became enemies of the Israeli state and were blamed for the \"destruction\" of nature. Under Israeli rule, legal policies not only seized and confiscated Palestinian land but also targeted goat grazing and led to a steep reduction in the number of goats. The resulting depeasantization and concentration of Palestinians in dense poor townships shaped goat grazing as a backyard practice with lack of trust in the hostile state and its brucellosis eradication campaigns. We argue that state policies of organized violence and organized abandonment have shaped the current ecology of brucellosis as a racialized disease. IMPORTANCE The importance of this article is the novelty in combining public health, colonial studies, and legal research to understand the ecology of human brucellosis. This approach allows us to move from a \"snap-shot\" reading of diseases and cultural practices toward a reading of bacteria, animals, and humans within their political and historical context. The article uses a settler colonial lens to examine the racialized distribution of human brucellosis in Israel and traces colonial policies toward Palestinians and goats-both seen as unwanted intruders to the newly established Israeli nation state. We place these policies in a context of organized violence and organized abandonment, building on the work of Ruth Wilson Gilmore to read the power hierarchies of humans, animals, and diseases and how they shape practices and disease.

African women have a history of entrepreneurship dating back to the pre-colonial era, but in this 21st century, women in Africa are assessed by the World Bank to be at the lower deck of economic breakthrough in comparison to men. Although both men and women operate in the same business climate, women are usually poorer and are harder hit by adverse economic situations. Oftentimes, they self-develop their businesses and skills; they also seek, create and self-fund opportunities, but these efforts are usually met with huge obstacles and barriers. Therefore, this study aims to identify some of the obstacles and barriers plaguing the success and growth of women entrepreneurial activities and proffer solutions that could ameliorate the problems. The study uses a qualitative case study research design to uncover the experiences of women in a rural community of southwestern Nigeria. The data for analysis were collected through twenty in-depth interviews, two participants observations, and four focus group discussions. Some documents were analyzed to triangulate the data sources to ensure credibility. Findings include obstacles such as a traditional patriarchal culture that inhibits women from achieving personal development, complete subordination to male domination, colonial vestiges that gendered entrepreneurship in Africa, and lack of support by male-dominated government. The implication of these is that women continue to struggle to develop their entrepreneurial activities without much breakthrough. They remain economically impoverished and suffer greatly to care for themselves and their families, and to be part of social development. The study recommends that relevant organizations and government continue to work to develop strategies to remove these barriers.

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense was named after Rhodesia which, in turn, was named after the British imperialist and white supremacist Cecil Rhodes. In the light of the Black Lives Matter movement and contemporary consciousness of postcolonial legacy, it seems opportune to reconsider the subspecies name. Pros and cons of renaming T. b. rhodesiense are discussed.

This is a tale in three parts. It begins with an exploration of the story of Princess Tsahai, daughter of Haile Selassie, and the highly successful British campaign led by suffragette E. Sylvia Pankhurst to bring British-style nursing and medicine to Ethiopia in the 1940s and 1950s. Second, it examines the role of foreign women, most notably Swedish missionary nurses, in building health services and nursing capacity in the country. Finally, it examines the way in which nursing brought together gendered notions of expertise and geopolitical pressures to redefine expectations for Ethiopian women as citizens of the new nation-state.