背景:越来越多的证据表明,有规律的体育锻炼是健康认知衰老的重要前提。因此,近三分之一的成年人没有达到建议的常规体育锻炼水平,这一发现要求采取进一步的公共卫生行动。在这种情况下,数字和基于家庭的体能训练干预措施可能是基于中心的干预计划的有希望的替代方案。因此,本系统综述旨在总结数字和家庭体能训练干预对成人认知表现影响的文献现状.
方法:在此预先注册的系统综述(PROSPERO;ID:CRD42022320031)中,5个电子数据库(PubMed,WebofScience,PsycInfo,SPORTDiscus,和Cochrane图书馆)由2名独立研究人员(FH和PT)进行搜索,以确定符合条件的研究,这些研究调查了数字和基于家庭的体育锻炼干预对成年人认知能力的影响。系统的文献检索产生了8258条记录(来自其他来源的额外17条记录),其中27项对照试验被认为是相关的.两名审阅者(FH和PT)独立提取数据,并使用改良版本的工具评估偏倚风险,以评估研究质量和EXercise报告(TESTEX量表)。
结果:在27项综述研究中,15报告了对认知和运动认知结果的积极影响(即,执行职能衡量标准的绩效改进,工作记忆,和选择步进反应测试),以及与研究相关的相当大的异质性,与人口有关,并注意到干预相关特征。更详细的分析表明,特别是,使用在线课程和基于技术的锻炼设备进行干预(即,基于步骤的exergames)可以改善健康老年人的认知表现。在对照组中,大约一半的审查研究被认为在完成依从性(≤85%)和监测常规身体活动水平方面存在较高的偏倚风险。
结论:关于数字和家庭体能训练干预措施有效性的现有证据总体上参差不齐,尽管有有限的证据表明特定类型的数字和基于家庭的体能训练干预措施(例如,在线课程和基于步骤的游戏)可以成为改善老年人认知表现的有效策略。然而,由于现有研究数量有限,未来需要高质量的研究来根据经验支持这一假设,并允许更坚实和细致入微的结论。
BACKGROUND: There is mounting evidence that regular physical activity is an important prerequisite for healthy cognitive aging. Consequently, the finding that almost one-third of the adult population does not reach the recommended level of regular physical activity calls for further public health actions. In this context, digital and home-based physical training interventions might be a promising alternative to center-based intervention programs. Thus, this systematic
review aimed to summarize the current state of the literature on the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on adult cognitive performance.
METHODS: In this pre-registered systematic
review (PROSPERO; ID: CRD42022320031), 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library) were searched by 2 independent researchers (FH and PT) to identify eligible studies investigating the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on cognitive performance in adults. The systematic literature search yielded 8258 records (extra 17 records from other sources), of which 27 controlled trials were considered relevant. Two reviewers (FH and PT) independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise (TESTEX scale).
RESULTS: Of the 27 reviewed studies, 15 reported positive effects on cognitive and motor-cognitive outcomes (i.e., performance improvements in measures of executive functions, working memory, and choice stepping reaction test), and a considerable heterogeneity concerning study-related, population-related, and intervention-related characteristics was noticed. A more detailed analysis suggests that, in particular, interventions using online classes and technology-based exercise devices (i.e., step-based exergames) can improve cognitive performance in healthy older adults. Approximately one-half of the reviewed studies were rated as having a high risk of bias with respect to completion adherence (≤85%) and monitoring of the level of regular physical activity in the control group.
CONCLUSIONS: The current state of evidence concerning the effectiveness of digital and home-based physical training interventions is mixed overall, though there is limited evidence that specific types of digital and home-based physical training interventions (e.g., online classes and step-based exergames) can be an effective strategy for improving cognitive performance in older adults. However, due to the limited number of available studies, future high-quality studies are needed to buttress this assumption empirically and to allow for more solid and nuanced conclusions.