暂无摘要。

UNASSIGNED: To evaluate the multimodality imaging features of chondroblastoma.
UNASSIGNED: Retrospective analysis of imaging features of 52 cases of histopathologically proven chondroblastoma from 2010 to 2022 was performed. Radiographs were evaluated for lesion site, location, morphology, margins, matrix mineralization, cortical breach, periosteal reaction, eccentricity, and subarticular extension. Appearance on T1, T2 weighted and post-contrast T1 was evaluated on MRI, with analysis of peritumoral edema and joint effusion.
UNASSIGNED: Mean patient age was 18 years (10-57 years) with male preponderance (M = 39; F = 13). 75% (n = 39) cases involved an unfused skeleton and 25% (n = 13) affected a mature skeleton. Appendicular skeleton was involved in 88.5% (n = 46) cases and axial skeleton was involved in 11.5% (n = 6) cases with all cases involving epiphysis/epiphyseal equivalent. Radiographically, all cases were well-defined geographic osteolytic lesions with a narrow zone of transition, thin sclerotic rim and lobulated [56% (n = 29)] or smooth [44% (n = 23)] margins. Matrix calcification appreciable in 62% (n = 32) cases was \'fluffy/smudgy\'. Chondroblastoma appeared isointense (83%, n = 43) on T1 MRI with characteristically low signal and hyperintense foci within (67%, n = 35) on T2-weighted images and post-contrast enhancement [heterogeneous lobular (88%, n = 46) or septal pattern (12%, n = 6)] with all barring three lesions showing perilesional edema. None of the cases of chondroblastoma in our study developed metastasis till last follow-up (mean: 71 months).
UNASSIGNED: Chondroblastoma has distinctive imaging appearance and is often unlike majority other cartilaginous benign lesions due to characteristic low T2 signal on MRI and associated exuberant perilesional edema.

Chondrosarcoma is the third most common primary malignant bone tumor. The proximal humerus is the most common site. Since it is resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the mainstay of treatment is surgery. Due to the extensive involvement of long bones, it requires reconstruction with either a prosthetic implant or bone graft. We present a case of a 43-year-old female who presented with chondrosarcoma involving 15 cm of humerus. The patient was managed with the resection of 15 cm of humerus and reconstruction with the same resected bone after autoclaving. It was secured with long fixation resulting in arthrodesis of the glenohumeral joint. The patient was followed for one year and there was evidence of callus formation by ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan.

Epithelioid hemangioma (EH), a rare benign tumor, is documented in only a few cases in the medical literature. The complications of epithelioid hemangioma depend on the site of their presentation. If located in the eye, epithelioid hemangiomas may lead to amblyopia; in the larynx, they can cause respiratory issues; and if affecting bone, they can result in osteolytic lesions. Here, we present a case of a 40-year-old male who presented with swelling in the medial end of the right clavicle. Following clinical evaluation and a computed tomography scan, an excision biopsy was performed. The excised lesion measured 3 x 2.5 cm, and histopathological examination confirmed the finding as an epithelioid hemangioma.

Background: Primary malignant bone tumors are most commonly associated with mutilating surgical procedures that can significantly disturb the motor development of a young patient and are frequently affiliated with major postoperative complications. Unfortunately, despite available autologous tissue donor sites, artificial materials are still most commonly used for the reconstruction of post-resection defects. Reconstructive microsurgery is increasingly recognized as an effective method of functional reconstruction, creating the possibility of performing limb-sparing surgery (LSS) with significant limitation of major postoperative complications at the same time. Methods: The study group consisted of 9 pediatric patients diagnosed with primary malignant bone tumor in the limb location. In order to perform microvascular reconstruction, 9 free fibula flaps were used in combination with a bone allograft (Capanna method). The functional outcome of the reconstruction was assessed on the basis of the MSTS (Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Scoring System) scale. Results: The presented analysis proves the effectiveness of this reconstructive procedure and the possibility of performing LSS with reasonable functional outcomes after appropriate patient qualification. In this study, all limbs included were spared. In all cases, the R0 surgical margins were achieved and no reports of local recurrences were reported during the follow-up. The average score on the MSTS scale was 27/30 points. Conclusions: Microvascular reconstructive surgery is an individually personalized and highly effective method of treating patients with primary bone tumors in the limb location and provides satisfactory functional outcomes.

Chondroblastoma metastasis, though rare, represents a clinically significant and notably important aspect of bone tumors. Understanding its epidemiological characteristics, pathological features, and treatment modalities, despite its infrequency, is imperative for comprehensive patient management. This review aims to elucidate the epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic strategies associated with chondroblastoma metastasis. The patterns, prognostic factors, and treatment outcomes were explored through an analysis of case studies and clinical reports. Notably, we highlighted emerging therapeutic perspectives aimed at improving patient outcomes. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no previous review addressing these matters cumulatively, highlighting a significant gap in the existing scholarly literature. By shedding light on the nuances of chondroblastoma metastasis, this review contributes to the advancement of knowledge in this field and informs clinical decision-making for improved patient care.

UNASSIGNED: Giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB) are infrequent tumors that usually impact the epiphyses of long bones and uncommonly manifest in the ribs. Herein, we report a case of asymptomatic GCTB directly invading the lung tissue.
METHODS: A 36-year-old man was referred to our emergency department with only left chest pain. Computed tomography revealed a large heterogeneous solid cystic mass in the left lung apex and amorphous calcification and distraction in the posterior part of the left fourth rib. Histological examination also exhibited that the GCTB originated from the rib. The patient underwent an en-bloc resection with no recurrence in his one-year follow-up.
UNASSIGNED: GCTB is characterized by osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells and can exhibit aggressive local behavior. GCTB in the rib is rare, mainly found in the posterior arc. Radiographic features include lytic lesions with bone remodeling, often seen eccentrically in long bone epiphyses. Aggressive tumors may show cortical destruction and soft tissue extension. Surgery is often recommended for GCTB management, aiming for complete resection with sufficient surgical margins.
CONCLUSIONS: The absence of well-defined diagnostic criteria hinders the accurate diagnosis of GCTB, making a comprehensive assessment through radiological and histological examinations crucial. Upon physical examination, GCTB should be considered in the differential diagnosis for mediastinal lesions, regardless of their size. Furthermore, surgical removal can be taken into account as the primary treatment strategy for tumors that originate from the posterior arc of the ribs, such as GCTB.

Background Head and neck bone pathologies cover various conditions with diverse causes. Infections like osteomyelitis and dental abscesses can spread to soft tissues and bones, causing tissue death, inflammation, and systemic effects. Benign and malignant tumors can develop from soft tissue, cartilage, or bone, posing challenges for diagnosis and treatment. Studies on their prevalence in local populations are rare, obscuring our understanding of regional health dynamics. Aim In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of bone pathologies documented over the last three years from 2021 to 2023. Materials and methods Histopathologically confirmed cases of bone pathologies at Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India, were gathered from the institutional database (DIAS: Dental Information Archiving Software) from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2023. They were categorized into groups of infectious and inflammatory lesions, fibro-osseous lesions, malignancies originating from bone, malignancies invading bone, and miscellaneous conditions. The data was then compiled into a Google spreadsheet (Google, Inc., Mountain View, USA) for further analysis. Graphs were created to visualize the prevalence of bone pathologies enabling a descriptive exploration of temporal trends. Results A total of 2626 biopsy records were reviewed. Among these, 242 (9.21%) cases of bone-related pathologies were included, and the remaining 2384 (90.79%) entities without any mention of bone were excluded. Overall, considering all three years, 43.8% (100) bone-related lesions were reported in 2021, 30.3% (77) in 2022 and 25.9% (65) in the year 2023. Under each category, infectious and inflammatory lesions for 40.5% (98), fibro-osseous lesions for 14.9% (36), benign lesions for 2.9% (7), malignancies originating from bone for 1.7% (4), malignancies invading bone for 38% (93), and miscellaneous conditions for 1.65% (4) were reported. The highest number of infectious and inflammatory pathologies (53%) were reported in 2021. A steep fall was observed in 2022 and 2023 under the infectious and inflammatory category. The malignancies invading the bone showed almost similar distribution in all three years. Conclusion The observed variations highlight the unpredictability of bone pathologies, involving the jaw bones. We emphasize continuous observation and analysis to comprehend changing patterns in bone health.

Soft tissue and bone tumors comprise a wide category of neoplasms. Their diversity frequently raises diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic options are continuously developing. The therapeutic success rate and long-term prognosis of patients have improved substantially due to new advances in immunohistochemical and molecular biology techniques. A fundamental contribution to these achievements has been the study of the tumor microenvironment and the reclassification of new entities with the updating of the molecular pathogenesis in the revised 5th edition of the Classification of Soft Tissue Tumors, edited by the World Health Organization. The proposed molecular diagnostic techniques include the well-known in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction methods, but new techniques such as copy-number arrays, multiplex probes, single-nucleotide polymorphism, and sequencing are also proposed. This review aims to synthesize the most recent pathogenetic and molecular classifications of soft tissue and bone tumors, considering the major impact of these diagnostic tools, which are becoming indispensable in clinicopathological practice.

Chondroblastoma is a rare benign cartilaginous tumor that accounts for approximately 1% of bone tumors, but it can be associated with lung metastasis in extremely rare cases, leading to a poor prognosis and death. Herein, we report the case of a 19-year-old male patient who presented with an aggressive chondroblastoma of the proximal humerus and bilateral lung metastasis. The patient was treated with wide local resection, partial metastasectomy, and denosumab. Denosumab treatment was effective in controlling metastatic progression and preventing local recurrence.