如今,由于经常发生意外伤害和创伤,如骨损伤,世界各地造成骨损伤或骨折的人数正在增加。理想骨组织工程(BTE)材料的设计与制造已成为科学界研究的热点,从而为骨疾病的治疗提供了新的途径。在BTE中用于构建支架的材料中,包括金属,生物陶瓷,沼气,生物大分子,合成有机聚合物,等。,天然生物聚合物对它们有更多的优势,因为它们可以与细胞良好地相互作用,天然聚合物在BTE领域得到了广泛的研究和应用。特别是,海藻酸盐具有优异的生物相容性,良好的生物降解性,非免疫原性,无毒性,来源广泛,价格低廉,容易凝胶化,使自身能够被广泛用作生物材料。然而,作为BTE支架材料,如机械性能不足,材料在生理环境中容易分解,缺乏细胞特异性识别位点,严重限制了其在BTE中的临床应用。为了克服单一藻酸盐水凝胶的缺陷,研究人员通过在海藻酸盐基质中按一定比例添加一种或多种材料来制备海藻酸盐复合水凝胶,以提高其生物适用性。出于这个原因,本文将详细介绍海藻酸盐复合水凝胶的构建方法,包括藻酸盐/聚合物复合水凝胶,藻酸盐/生物蛋白或多肽复合水凝胶,海藻酸盐/生物陶瓷复合水凝胶,海藻酸盐/生物陶瓷复合水凝胶,和海藻酸盐/纳米粘土复合水凝胶,以及它们在BTE支架材料中的生物学应用趋势,并展望其未来的研究方向。这些海藻酸盐复合水凝胶支架表现出无可挑剔的机械和生化特性,在骨组织修复和再生中显示出较高的应用价值,从而为海藻酸盐基功能生物医用材料的开发和可持续应用提供理论依据。
Nowadays, as a result of the frequent occurrence of accidental injuries and traumas such as bone damage, the number of people causing bone injuries or fractures is increasing around the world. The design and fabrication of ideal bone tissue engineering (BTE) materials have become a research hotspot in the scientific community, and thus provide a novel path for the treatment of bone diseases. Among the materials used to construct scaffolds in BTE, including metals, bioceramics, bioglasses, biomacromolecules, synthetic organic polymers, etc., natural biopolymers have more advantages against them because they can interact with cells well, causing natural polymers to be widely studied and applied in the field of BTE. In particular, alginate has the advantages of excellent biocompatibility, good biodegradability, non-immunogenicity, non-toxicity, wide sources, low price, and easy gelation, enabling itself to be widely used as a biomaterial. However, pure alginate hydrogel as a BTE scaffold material still has many shortcomings, such as insufficient mechanical properties, easy disintegration of materials in physiological environments, and lack of cell-specific recognition sites, which severely limits its clinical application in BTE. In order to overcome the defects of single alginate hydrogels, researchers prepared alginate composite hydrogels by adding one or more materials to the alginate matrix in a certain proportion to improve their bioapplicability. For this reason, this
review will introduce in detail the methods for constructing alginate composite hydrogels, including alginate/polymer composite hydrogels, alginate/bioprotein or polypeptide composite hydrogels, alginate/bioceramic composite hydrogels, alginate/bioceramic composite hydrogels, and alginate/nanoclay composite hydrogels, as well as their biological application trends in BTE scaffold materials, and look forward to their future research direction. These alginate composite hydrogel scaffolds exhibit both unexceptionable mechanical and biochemical properties, which exhibit their high application value in bone tissue repair and regeneration, thus providing a theoretical basis for the development and sustainable application of alginate-based functional biomedical materials.