可持续发展目标6强调水资源的有效管理,废水处理,和处理过的废水的再利用。从废水中去除氮是一种经济昂贵且耗能的废水处理过程。厌氧氨氧化的发现改变了废水处理的范式。然而,将anammox与部分硝化(PN-anammox)耦合是一种非常有益且科学支持的侧流废水处理工艺。然而,PN-anammox工艺继承了较高的硝酸盐流出物和较低的氮去除效率在较低的温度下的严重问题。因此,显然,如果没有其他氮循环细菌的参与,PN-anammox不能满足期望的目标。硝酸盐还原途径如反硝化厌氧甲烷氧化(DAMO)微生物,部分反硝化(PD),和异化硝酸盐还原成铵(DNRA)似乎是将硝酸盐还原成亚硝酸盐或铵以补充氨水的最佳选择。从环境的角度来看,厌氧氨氧化与PD的耦合,DAMO,DNRA减少了有机物的使用,减少温室气体的释放,减少能源消耗。这篇综述全面讨论了含多种硝酸盐还原菌的厌氧氨氧化的重要性和应用前景。此外,仍然需要对DAMO-anammox和DNRA-anammox进行研究以实现更高的脱氮效率。未来的研究应将新出现的污染物去除纳入厌氧氨氧化耦合过程。这篇综述将为从废水中去除节能和碳中性氮的设计提供深刻的见解。
Sustainable development goal 6 emphasizes the efficient management of water resources, wastewater treatment, and reuse of treated wastewater. Removing nitrogen from wastewater was an economically expensive and energy-consuming wastewater treatment process. The discovery of
anammox changes the paradigm of wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, coupling
anammox with partial nitrification (PN-
anammox) has been an immensely rewarding and scientifically supported side-stream wastewater treatment process. However, the PN-anammox process is inherited with severe issues of higher effluent nitrate and lower nitrogen removal efficiency at a lower temperature. Thus, it is evident that PN-anammox cannot meet the desired target without the involvement of others nitrogen cycle bacteria. The nitrate reduction pathways such as denitrifying anaerobic methane-oxidizing (DAMO) microbes, partial denitrification (PD), and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) seem the best alternative to reduce nitrate into nitrite or ammonium for anammox supplement. From the perspective of the environment, the coupling of anammox with PD, DAMO, and DNRA alleviates the use of organic matter, decreases greenhouse gas release, and reduces energy consumption. This
review comprehensively discussed the importance and application perspective of
anammox with diverse nitrate-reducing bacteria. Furthermore, research is still needed about DAMO-
anammox and DNRA-
anammox to achieve higher nitrogen removal efficiency. Future research should incorporate emerging pollutants removal in the anammox coupling process. This
review will provide deep insight into the design of energy-efficient and carbon-neutral nitrogen removal from wastewater.