Abstract：
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has been developed as one of the optimal alternatives to the conventional biological nitrogen removal process because of its high nitrogen removal capacity and low energy consumption. However, the slow growth rate of anammox bacteria and its high sensitivity to environmental changes have resulted in fewer anammox sludge sources for process start-up and a lengthy start-up period. Given that anammox microorganisms tend to aggregate, granular-anammox sludge is a frequent byproduct of the anammox process. In this study, we review state-of-the-art strategies for promoting the formation of anammox granules and the start-up of the anammox process based on the literature of the past decade. These strategies are categorized as the transformation of alternative sludge, the addition of accelerators, the introduction of functional carriers, and the implementation of other physical methods. In addition, the formation mechanism of anammox granules, the operational performance of various strategies, and their promotion mechanisms are introduced. Finally, prospects are presented to indicate the gaps in contemporary research and the potential future research directions. This review functions as a summary guideline and theoretical reference for the cultivation of granular-anammox sludge, the start-up of the anammox process, and its practical application.
摘要：
厌氧氨氧化（anammox）工艺由于其脱氮能力高且能耗低，已被开发为常规生物脱氮工艺的最佳替代方案之一。然而,厌氧氨氧化细菌的缓慢生长速率及其对环境变化的高度敏感性导致用于工艺启动的厌氧氨氧化污泥来源较少，启动时间较长。鉴于厌氧氨氧化微生物倾向于聚集，颗粒状厌氧氨氧化污泥是厌氧氨氧化过程的常见副产物。在这项研究中,我们根据过去十年的文献回顾了促进anammox颗粒形成和anammox工艺启动的最新策略.这些策略被归类为替代污泥的转化，添加加速器，功能载体的引入，以及其他物理方法的实现。此外,厌氧氨氧化颗粒的形成机理，各种战略的运营绩效，并引入了他们的推广机制。最后,展望了当代研究的差距和潜在的未来研究方向。这篇综述为颗粒状厌氧氨氧化污泥的培养提供了总结指南和理论参考。anammox过程的启动，及其实际应用。
