UNASSIGNED:这项研究旨在回顾以食物为基础的饮食指南(FBDG),内容针对儿童和青少年,以呈现其主要特征,从而使各国之间能够进行比较。
UNASSIGNED:我们对粮食及农业组织(FAO)网站上提供的FBDG进行了搜索,然后进行范围审查,并进行灰色文献检索,以查找粮农组织网站上未列出的儿童或青少年的FBDG。数据提取包括出版年份,语言,和目标群体的指导方针。
UNASSIGNED:从粮农组织网站搜索,发现109份文件,其中17个无法翻译。在5190篇文章中进行的范围审查搜索,没有人提出新的指导方针,也不是来自灰色文学。关于探索的92个FBDG,41只针对24个月以下的婴儿,孩子们,和/或青少年,51人是针对普通人群的,具有研究组的信息。12%的普通FBDG和35%的特定FBDG具有食物图标。所有指南都是在2001年之后发布的。拉丁美洲和加勒比是提出更具体的FBDG的区域,大多数国家都有水果和蔬菜准则。有关脂肪(15个国家)和糖(26个国家)消费减少的信息很常见。减少钠摄入量似乎是2015年以后的大多数指南。食品卫生指南在拉丁美洲文件中反复出现。5个国家采用了NOVA分类,21个国家采用了进餐时间的方法建议。对于24个月以下的婴儿和儿童,超过50%的特定FBDG存在独家和持续的母乳喂养指导和健康的补充喂养方向。
UNASSIGNED:由于每个地区的营养和政治方面,以食物为基础的饮食指南是多种多样的。拉丁美洲因其对研究组的定位而脱颖而出。进一步的研究应衡量FBDG的可能影响和理解。
This study aimed at reviewing food-based dietary
guidelines (FBDGs) with content targeted at children and adolescents to present their main characteristics, thus enabling comparisons among countries.
We conducted a search of the FBDGs available on the Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO) website, followed by a scoping review with a gray literature search to find FBDGs for children or adolescents non-listed on the FAO\'s website. Data extraction included the year of publication, language, and guidelines for the target group.
From FAO website searches, 109 documents were found, and 17 of them could not be translated. The Scoping review search conducted in 5,190 articles, and none led to new guidelines, nor from the gray literature. Regarding the 92 FBDGs explored, 41 were specific for infants under 24 months old, children, and/or adolescents, and 51 were for the general population with information for the studied group. Twelve percent of the general FBDG and 35% of the specific ones have food icons. All of the
guidelines were published after 2001. Latin America and the Caribbean were the regions that presented more specific FBDGs and the majority of countries with guidelines for fruits and vegetables. The information about fat (15 countries) and sugar (26 countries) consumption reduction is frequent. Reduction of sodium intake appears to be in the majority of
guidelines after 2015. Food hygiene
guidelines are recurrent in Latin American documents. NOVA classification was adopted in five countries and 21 countries approach recommendations for mealtimes. Both exclusive and continued breastfeeding guidance and healthy complementary feeding orientation are present in over 50% of the specific FBDG for infants and children under 24 months old.
Food-based dietary guidelines are diverse due to both the nutritional and political aspects of each region. Latin America stands out for its orientations for the studied group. Further studies should measure the possible impacts and comprehension of FBDGs.