Abstract：
Contaminated irrigation water is among many potential vehicles of human pathogens to food plants, constituting significant public health risks especially for the fresh produce category. This review discusses some available guidelines or regulations for microbiological safety of irrigation water, and provides a summary of some common methods used for characterizing microbial contamination. The goal of such exploration is to understand some of the considerations that influence formulation of water testing guidelines, describe priority microbial parameters particularly with respect to food safety risks, and attempt to determine what methods are most suitable for their screening. Furthermore, the review discusses factors that influence the potential for microbiologically polluted irrigation water to pose substantial risks of pathogenic contamination to produce items. Some of these factors include type of water source exploited, irrigation methods, other agro ecosystem features/practices, as well as pathogen traits such as die-off rates. Additionally, the review examines factors such as food safety knowledge, other farmer attitudes or inclinations, level of social exposure and financial circumstances that influence adherence to water testing guidelines and other safe water application practices. A thorough understanding of relevant risk metrics for the application and management of irrigation water is necessary for the development of water testing criteria. To determine sampling and analytical approach for water testing, factors such as agricultural practices (which differ among farms and regionally), as well as environmental factors that modulate how water quality may affect the microbiological safety of produce should be considered. Research and technological advancements that can improve testing approach and the determination of target levels for hazard characterization or description for the many different pollution contexts as well as farmer adherence to testing requirements, are desirable.
摘要：
受污染的灌溉水是人类病原体对食用植物的许多潜在载体之一，构成重大公共卫生风险，特别是对于新鲜农产品类别。这篇综述讨论了一些关于灌溉水微生物安全的可用指南或法规，并提供了用于表征微生物污染的一些常用方法的总结。这种探索的目的是了解影响水测试指南制定的一些考虑因素，描述优先的微生物参数，特别是关于食品安全风险，并试图确定哪些方法最适合他们的筛查。此外，该综述讨论了影响微生物污染灌溉水潜在风险的因素，这些潜在风险是病原污染生产物品。其中一些因素包括开发的水源类型，灌溉方法,其他农业生态系统特征/实践，以及病原体特征，如死亡率。此外,审查审查了食品安全知识等因素，其他农民的态度或倾向，影响遵守水测试指南和其他安全水应用实践的社会暴露水平和财务状况。全面了解灌溉水的应用和管理的相关风险指标对于制定水测试标准是必要的。为了确定水测试的采样和分析方法，农业实践等因素(因农场和地区而异)，以及应考虑调节水质如何影响农产品微生物安全性的环境因素。研究和技术进步，可以改善测试方法和确定许多不同污染环境的危险表征或描述的目标水平，以及农民对测试要求的遵守，是可取的。
