Abstract：
A rich diversity of wild medicinal plant resources is distributed in China, but the breeding of new plant varieties of Chinese medicinal plants started late and the breeding level is relatively weak. Chinese medicinal plant resources are the foundation for new varieties breeding, and the plant variety rights(PVP) are of great significance for the protection and development of germplasm resources. However, most Chinese medicinal plants do not have a distinctness, uniformity, and stability(DUS) testing guideline. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has put 191 plant species(genera) on protection lists, of which only 30 are medicinal species(genera). At the same time, only 29 of 293 species(genera) plants in the Protection List of New Plant Varieties of the People\'s Republic of China(Forest and Grass) belong to Chinese medicinal plants. The number of PVP applications and authorization of Chinese medicinal plants is rare, and the composition of variety is unreasonable. Up to now, 29 species(genera) of DUS test guidelines for Chinese medicinal plants have been developed. Some basic problems in the breeding of new varieties of Chinese medicinal plants have appeared, such as the small number of new varieties and insufficient utilization of Chinese medicinal plant resources. This paper reviewed the current situation of breeding of new varieties of Chinese medicinal plants and the research progress of DUS test guidelines in China and discussed the application of biotechnology in the field of Chinese medicinal plant breeding and the existing problems in DUS testing. This paper guides the further application of DUS to protect and utilize the germplasm resources of Chinese medicinal plants.
摘要：
我国野生药用植物资源具有丰富的多样性,但我国药用植物新品种的选育起步较晚,育种水平相对较弱。中药材资源是新品种选育的基础,植物品种权对种质资源的保护和开发具有重要意义。然而,大多数中国药用植物没有鲜明的特色，均匀性,和稳定性(DUS)测试指南。农业和农村事务部已将191种植物(属)列入保护名单,其中只有30个是药用物种（属）。同时,《中华人民共和国植物新品种保护名录（林草）》中293种（属）植物中，只有29种属于中药材。中药材的PVP申请和授权数量很少,品种组成不合理。到目前为止,已开发了29种（属）的中国药用植物DUS测试指南。中药材新品种选育中出现了一些基本问题,如新品种数量少、中药植物资源利用不足等。本文综述了我国中药材新品种选育的现状和DUS试验指南的研究进展,探讨了生物技术在中药材育种领域的应用及DUS试验存在的问题。本文为进一步应用DUS保护和利用我国药用植物种质资源提供指导。
