最近,有机肥料引起的土壤微塑料污染日益受到关注。为了回应这一关切,这篇综述全面分析了有机肥料中微塑料的发生和演变,它们进入土壤,以及随后的影响。有机肥料主要来自以人类为中心的活动产生的固体有机废物,包括城市(日常生活,城市废物和污泥),农业(粪便,稻草),和工业(如食品工业废物等。)流程。为了生产有机肥,有机固体废物一般采用好氧堆肥或厌氧消化处理。目前,微塑料在有机肥料的原料和产品中被广泛检测到。在将有机固体废物材料转化为肥料的过程中,强烈的氧化,水解,微生物的作用显著改变了身体,化学,和塑料的表面生物膜特性。施用有机肥后,土壤中微塑料的丰度显著增加。此外,这些微塑料的降解通常会促进有机污染物的吸附,并影响其在土壤中的保留时间。这些微塑料,被生物膜覆盖,由于生物膜的独特特性,也显着改变了土壤生态。此外,生物膜也在土壤环境中微塑料的降解中发挥作用。这篇综述为涉及有机肥料来源的微塑料的土壤环境过程提供了新的视角,并强调了与进一步研究有机肥料和微塑料相关的挑战。
In recent, soil microplastic pollution arising from organic fertilizers has been of a great increasing concern. In response to this concern, this
review presents a comprehensive analysis of the occurrence and evolution of microplastics in organic fertilizers, their ingress into the soil, and the subsequent impacts. Organic fertilizers are primarily derived from solid organic waste generated by anthropocentric activities including urban (daily-life, municipal wastes and sludge), agricultural (manure, straw), and industrial (like food industrial waste etc.) processes. In order to produce organic fertilizer, the organic solid wastes are generally treated by aerobic composting or anaerobic digestion. Currently, microplastics have been widely detected in the raw materials and products of organic fertilizer. During the process of converting organic solid waste materials into fertilizer, intense oxidation, hydrolysis, and microbial actions significantly alter the physical, chemical, and surface biofilm properties of the plastics. After the organic fertilizer application, the abundances of microplastics significantly increased in the soil. Additionally, the degradation of these microplastics often promotes the adsorption of organic pollutants and affects their retention time in the soil. These microplastics, covered by biofilms, also significantly alter soil ecology due to the unique properties of the biofilm. Furthermore, the biofilms also play a role in the degradation of microplastics in the soil environment. This
review offers a new perspective on the soil environmental processes involving microplastics from organic fertilizer sources and highlights the challenges associated with further research on organic fertilizers and microplastics.