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Abstract：
Staphylococcus aureus infection and colonization in patients may be transmitted to healthcare providers and the environment and subsequently cause healthcare-associated infections in other patients. Pathogenic S. aureus strains produce virulence factors, such as Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL), that contribute to the severity of infections and aid in their spread. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is additional concern with respect to S. aureus infection. In this study, the virulence genes and antibiotic resistance profiles of S. aureus were characterized from patients\' clinical isolates, healthcare workers\' (HCWs\') nasal colonization screenings, and the environment at a tertiary healthcare hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 365 samples were collected from September 2021 to September 2022: 73 patients\' clinical specimens, 202 colonization screenings from HCWs, and 90 hospital environment\'s swabs. Fifty-one (25.2%) HCW and 10/90 (11.1%) environment S. aureus isolates were identified. Among the 134 isolates, 10 (7.5%) were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Three (4.1%), five (9.8%), and two (20.0%) of the MRSA isolates were identified from the patients, HCWs, and the environment, respectively. Overall, 118 (88.1%) were ampicillin and penicillin resistant; 70 (52.2%) were trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole resistant; and 28 (20.9%) were erythromycin resistant. S. aureus isolates from patients were more resistant to antibiotics than isolates from HCWs or the hospital environment (p<0.05). A total of 92/134 (68.6%) isolates possessed the lukfF-PV gene, which was identified in 62 (85.0%), 26 (51.0%), and 4 (40.0%) of the patient, HCWs, and the environment, respectively. The proportion of lukfF-PV gene containing S. aureus isolated from patient samples was statistically significant. Four (40.0%) of the MRSA isolates also had the lukfF-PV gene. The identification of highly AMR and virulence factors from patients, HCWs and the environment is concerning. Further studies are needed to identify potential transmission links and improve infection prevention and control.
摘要：
患者中的金黄色葡萄球菌感染和定植可能会传播给医疗保健提供者和环境，并随后在其他患者中引起医疗保健相关感染。致病性金黄色葡萄球菌菌株产生毒力因子，如Panton-ValentineLeukocidin(PVL)，这有助于感染的严重程度并有助于其传播。抗微生物耐药性(AMR)的出现是关于金黄色葡萄球菌感染的额外关注。在这项研究中,金黄色葡萄球菌的毒力基因和抗生素抗性谱来自患者的临床分离株，医护人员（HCWs）鼻腔定植筛查，和亚的斯亚贝巴三级医院的环境，埃塞俄比亚。从2021年9月到2022年9月共收集了365个样本：73名患者的临床标本，202个来自HCWs的定植筛查，和90个医院环境拭子。鉴定了51株(25.2%)HCW和10/90(11.1%)环境金黄色葡萄球菌分离株。在134个分离株中，10例(7.5%)为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)。三（4.1%），五个(9.8%)，从患者中鉴定出两种（20.0%）MRSA分离株，HCWs,和环境，分别。总的来说,氨苄西林和青霉素耐药118例（88.1％）；甲氧苄啶磺胺甲恶唑耐药70例（52.2％）；红霉素耐药28例（20.9％）。来自患者的金黄色葡萄球菌分离株对抗生素的耐药性高于来自HCWs或医院环境的分离株(p<0.05)。共有92/134(68.6%)个分离株具有lukfF-PV基因,在62(85.0%)中被确定，26（51.0%），和4名(40.0%)患者，HCWs,和环境，分别。从患者样品中分离的含有金黄色葡萄球菌的lukfF-PV基因的比例具有统计学意义。四个（40.0％）的MRSA分离株也具有lukfF-PV基因。从患者中鉴定高度AMR和毒力因子，HCWs与环境有关。需要进一步研究以确定潜在的传播联系并改善感染预防和控制。
