沙门氏菌感染被认为是引起人畜共患感染和食物中毒的最常见的食源性病原体。抗菌素耐药性被认为是全球性的焦虑,因为它会引起人类公共卫生的影响,以及导致动物发病率和死亡率的增加。
■本研究的目的是分离和鉴定肠沙门氏菌,以及使用聚合酶链反应(PCR)和从鸡肉产品(鸡蛋,肝脏,和肉末)和伊拉克瓦西特省的人类。
■总共300个样品(150个鸡肉产品样品,包括鸡蛋,肝脏,还有肉末,和150个人类粪便样本)于2022年1月至12月从伊拉克瓦西特省收集。根据ISO6579标准和全球食源性感染网络实验室协议的建议进行细菌分离。根据临床和实验室标准研究所的建议,通过使用19种抗生素进行血清分型测试和AST。2022年通过使用圆盘扩散敏感性测试和Vitik2测试。最后,使用常规PCR方法和一个独特的rRNA基因测序确认可疑分离株.
■结果表明,鸡肉产品中肠链球菌的分离率为8.66%(鸡蛋的12%,6%的肝脏,和8%的肉末),而在人类中,它是4.6%。此外,在人类中显示出100%的伤寒沙门氏菌。同时,在鸡蛋伤寒中,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌,肠炎沙门氏菌占50%,33.33%,和16.66%,分别。此外,在肝脏和肉末中均显示出100%的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。人体分离物中的AST对氨苄青霉素具有抗性,头孢噻肟,头孢他啶,头孢吡肟,阿米卡星,庆大霉素,环丙沙星,诺氟沙星,和头孢曲松,虽然对阿莫西林没有抗药性,Pipracillin,Ertapenem,亚胺培南,美罗培南,磷霉素,呋喃妥因,甲氧苄啶,阿奇霉素,和四环素.在鸡肉产品中,分离株对阿米卡星耐药率不同,庆大霉素,四环素,环丙沙星,诺氟沙星,呋喃妥因,氨苄青霉素,头孢噻肟,头孢他啶,头孢吡肟,和甲氧苄啶;虽然对阿莫西林没有抗药性,Pipracillin,Ertapenem,亚胺培南,美罗培南,磷霉素,阿奇霉素,和头孢曲松.使用rRNA基因对四种PCR产物进行测序。
■这项研究表明肠链球菌的基因突变的存在,导致分子特征的变化,从鸡肉产品和人类中分离出的肠球菌的耐药性。
UNASSIGNED: Salmonella infections are considered the most common foodborne pathogens responsible for zoonotic infections and food poisoning in humans and animal species such as birds. Antimicrobial resistance is considered a global anxiety because it causes human public health repercussions, as well as leads to an increase in animal morbidity and death.
UNASSIGNED: The aims of this study are the isolation and identification of Salmonella enterica, as well as to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) and the molecular characteristics using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequences for isolates from chicken products (eggs, livers, and minced meat) and human in the Wasit Governorate of Iraq.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 300 samples (150 chicken product samples including eggs, livers, and minced meat, and 150 human fecal samples) were collected from the Wasit governorate of Iraq from January to December 2022. The bacterial isolation was done according to recommendations of ISO 6579 standard and the Global Foodborne Infections Network laboratory protocol. Serotyping test and AST were done by using 19 antibiotic agents according to the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2022 by using disc diffusion susceptibility test and Vitik 2 test. Finally, the suspected isolates were confirmed using the conventional PCR method and sequencing for a unique rRNA gene.
UNASSIGNED: The results showed that the isolation percentage of S. enterica in chicken products was 8.66% (12% eggs, 6% livers, and 8% minced meat), while in humans it was 4.6%. Also, showed 100% of Salmonella typhi in humans. While, in chicken eggs S. typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, and Salmonella enteritidis were 50%, 33.33%, and 16.66%, respectively. Also, showed 100% of S. typhimurium in both livers and minced meat. The AST in human isolates showed resistance to Ampicillin, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, and Ceftriaxone, while no resistance to Amoxicillin, Pipracillin, Ertapenem, Imipenem, Meropenem, Fosfomycin, Nitrofurantoin, Trimethoprim, Azithromycin, and Tetracycline. In chicken products, isolates were resistant with different percentages to Amikacin, Gentamicin, Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, Ampicillin, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, and Trimethoprim; while no resistance to Amoxicillin, Pipracillin, Ertapenem, Imipenem, Meropenem, Fosfomycin, Azithromycin, and Ceftriaxone. Sequencing by using rRNA gene was done for four PCR products.
UNASSIGNED: This study showed the presence of genetic mutations for S. enterica which led to variations in the molecular characteristics, and antimicrobial drug resistance of S. enterica isolated from chicken products and humans.