METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control (C, 25˚C), Swimming in Neutral (SN, 30˚C) water, and Swimming in Cold (SC, 15˚C) water. Swimming included intervals of 2-3 min, 1 min rest, until exhausted, three days a week for six weeks, with a training load of 3-6% body weight. After the experimental protocol, interscapular BAT and inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) were excised, weighed, and processed for beiging marker gene expression.
RESULTS: SN and SC resulted in lower body weight gain, associated with reduced WAT and BAT volume and increased BAT number with greater effects observed in SC. Myostatin protein expression was lower in BAT, WAT, soleus muscle, and serum NC and SC compared to the C group. Expression of the interferon regulatory factor-4 (IRF4) gene in both BAT and WAT tissues was significantly greater in the SC than in the C. Expression of the PGC-1α in BAT was significantly increased in the SC compared to C and increased in WAT in NC and SC. Expression of the UCP1 in BAT and WAT increased in the SC group compared to other groups.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrate that six weeks of swimming training in cold water promotes additive effects of the expression of genes and proteins involved in the browning process of adipose tissue in Wistar rats. Myostatin inhibition may possess a regulator effect on the PGC-1α - UCP1 pathway that mediates adipose tissue browning.
方法:将24只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为三组:对照组(C,25℃),在中立状态下游泳(SN,30℃)水,和在寒冷中游泳(SC,15℃)水。游泳包括2-3分钟的间隔,休息1分钟,直到筋疲力尽,一周三天,持续六周,3-6%体重的训练负荷。在实验方案之后,切除肩胛骨间BAT和腹股沟皮下白色脂肪组织(WAT),称重,并处理用于米色标记基因表达。
结果:SN和SC导致下体体重增加,与WAT和BAT量减少以及BAT数量增加相关,在SC中观察到更大的影响。BAT中肌肉生长抑制素蛋白表达较低,WAT,比目鱼肌,与C组比拟,血清NC和SC。BAT和WAT组织中干扰素调节因子-4(IRF4)基因的表达在SC中显著高于C。与C相比,BAT中PGC-1α的表达在SC中显著增加,在NC和SC中WAT的表达增加。与其他组相比,SC组中BAT和WAT中UCP1的表达增加。
结论:研究结果表明,在冷水中进行为期六周的游泳训练可促进Wistar大鼠脂肪组织褐变过程中基因和蛋白质表达的累加效应。肌肉生长抑制素可能对介导脂肪组织褐变的PGC-1α-UCP1途径具有调节作用。