本研究旨在探讨不同运动方式对衰老大鼠神经肌肉接头(NMJ)及骨骼肌相关蛋白代谢的影响。从38只雄性SD大鼠(3月龄)中随机选择10只进入年轻(Y)组,其余的人被提高到21个月大,随机分为老年对照(O),耐力运动(EN)和抗阻运动(R)组。经过8周的相应练习训练,收集大鼠的腓肠肌,免疫荧光染色检测S100B在雪旺细胞中的表达。Westernblot检测凝集蛋白(Agrin)的表达水平,低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白4(Lrp4),肌肉特异性激酶蛋白(MuSK),下游酪氨酸激酶7(Dok7),磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-Akt),磷酸化哺乳动物靶雷帕霉素(p-mTOR),和大鼠腓肠肌中磷酸化的叉头盒O1(p-FoxO1)。结果表明,耐力和阻力运动增加了衰老大鼠腓肠肌的湿重比。R组S100B卵白表达明显高于O和EN组。与NMJ功能相关的蛋白质,包括Agrin,Lrp4,MuSK,与Y组相比,O组Dok7明显下降。抗阻运动在衰老大鼠中上调了这四种蛋白质,而耐力运动不能逆转Lrp4,MuSK和Dok7的蛋白表达水平。关于骨骼肌相关蛋白,O组显示p-Akt下调,和p-mTOR蛋白表达水平和上调的p-FoxO1蛋白表达水平,与Y组相比。抗阻和耐力运动逆转了衰老大鼠p-mTOR和p-FoxO1蛋白表达的变化。这些发现表明,两种运动模式都可以增强NMJ功能,增加蛋白质合成,减少衰老大鼠骨骼肌相关蛋白质的分解代谢,抗阻运动显示出更明显的效果。
The present study aimed to explore the effects of different exercise modes on neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and metabolism of skeletal muscle-related proteins in aging rats. Ten from 38 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (3-month-old) were randomly selected into young (Y) group, while the rest were raised to 21 months old and randomly divided into elderly control (O), endurance exercise (EN) and resistance exercise (R) groups. After 8 weeks of corresponding exercises training, the gastrocnemius muscles of rats were collected, and the expression of S100B in Schwann cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of agglutinate protein (Agrin), low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4), muscle- specific kinase protein (MuSK), downstream tyrosine kinase 7 (Dok7), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), phosphorylated mammalian target rapamycin (p-mTOR), and phosphorylated forkhead box O1 (p-FoxO1) in rat gastrocnemius muscles. The results showed that, endurance and resistance exercises increased the wet weight ratio of gastrocnemius muscle in the aging rats. The protein expression of S100B in the R group was significantly higher than those in the O and EN groups. Proteins related to NMJ function, including Agrin, Lrp4, MuSK, and Dok7 were significantly decreased in the O group compared with those in the Y group. Resistance exercise up-regulated these four proteins in the aging rats, whereas endurance exercise could not reverse the protein expression levels of Lrp4, MuSK and Dok7. Regarding skeletal muscle-related proteins, the O group showed down-regulated p-Akt, and p-mTOR protein expression levels and up-regulated p-FoxO1 protein expression level, compared to the Y group. Resistance and endurance exercises reversed the changes in p-mTOR and p-FoxO1 protein expression in the aging rats. These findings demonstrate that both exercise modes can enhance NMJ function, increase protein synthesis and reduce the catabolism of skeletal muscle-related proteins in aging rats, with resistance exercise showing a more pronounced effect.