Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Neurocognitive deficits have been widely reported in clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR) populations. Additionally, rates of cannabis use are high among CHR youth and are associated with greater symptom severity. Cannabis use has been sometimes shown to be associated with better neurocognition in more progressed psychosis cohorts, therefore in this study we aimed to determine whether a similar pattern was present in CHR.
METHODS: CHR participants ages 12-30 from the North American Prodromal Longitudinal Study (NAPLS-3) (N = 698) were grouped according to: \"minimal to no cannabis use\" (n = 406), \"occasional use\" (n = 127), or \"frequent use\" (n = 165). At baseline, cannabis use groups were compared on neurocognitive tests, clinical, and functional measures. Follow-up analyses were used to model relationships between cannabis use frequency, neurocognition, premorbid, and social functioning.
RESULTS: Occasional cannabis users performed significantly better than other use-groups on measures of IQ, with similar trend-level patterns observed across neurocognitive domains. Occasional cannabis users demonstrated better social, global, and premorbid functioning compared to the other use-groups and less severe symptoms compared to the frequent use group. Follow-up structural equation modeling/path analyses found significant positive associations between premorbid functioning, social functioning, and IQ, which in turn was associated with occasional cannabis use frequency.
CONCLUSIONS: Better premorbid functioning positively predicts both better social functioning and higher IQ which in turn is associated with a moderate cannabis use pattern in CHR, similar to reports in first-episode and chronic psychosis samples. Better premorbid functioning likely represents a protective factor in the CHR population and predicts a better functional outcome.
METHODS: CHR participants ages 12-30 from the North American Prodromal Longitudinal Study (NAPLS-3) (N = 698) were grouped according to: \"minimal to no cannabis use\" (n = 406), \"occasional use\" (n = 127), or \"frequent use\" (n = 165). At baseline, cannabis use groups were compared on neurocognitive tests, clinical, and functional measures. Follow-up analyses were used to model relationships between cannabis use frequency, neurocognition, premorbid, and social functioning.
RESULTS: Occasional cannabis users performed significantly better than other use-groups on measures of IQ, with similar trend-level patterns observed across neurocognitive domains. Occasional cannabis users demonstrated better social, global, and premorbid functioning compared to the other use-groups and less severe symptoms compared to the frequent use group. Follow-up structural equation modeling/path analyses found significant positive associations between premorbid functioning, social functioning, and IQ, which in turn was associated with occasional cannabis use frequency.
CONCLUSIONS: Better premorbid functioning positively predicts both better social functioning and higher IQ which in turn is associated with a moderate cannabis use pattern in CHR, similar to reports in first-episode and chronic psychosis samples. Better premorbid functioning likely represents a protective factor in the CHR population and predicts a better functional outcome.
摘要：
背景：神经认知缺陷已在临床精神病（CHR）高危人群中得到广泛报道。此外,CHR青年的大麻使用率很高，并且与更严重的症状有关。在更多进展的精神病队列中，大麻的使用有时被证明与更好的神经认知相关，因此,在这项研究中,我们旨在确定CHR中是否存在类似的模式.
方法：来自北美前驱纵向研究（NAPLS-3）（N=698）的年龄为12-30岁的CHR参与者根据以下方面进行分组：“最少使用大麻”（n=406），“偶尔使用”(n=127)，或“频繁使用”(n=165)。在基线,使用大麻的群体在神经认知测试中进行了比较，临床,和功能措施。后续分析用于模拟大麻使用频率之间的关系，神经认知，病前,和社会功能。
结果：偶尔使用大麻的人在智商方面的表现明显优于其他使用群体，在神经认知领域观察到相似的趋势水平模式。偶尔大麻使用者表现出更好的社交能力，全球,与其他使用组相比，病前功能正常，与频繁使用组相比，症状较轻。后续结构方程建模/路径分析发现，病前功能之间存在显着的正相关关系，社会功能,和IQ,这反过来又与偶尔使用大麻的频率有关。
结论：更好的病前功能积极预测更好的社会功能和更高的智商，这反过来又与CHR的适度大麻使用模式有关。与首发和慢性精神病样本的报告相似。更好的病前功能可能代表CHR人群的保护因素，并预测更好的功能结果。
方法：来自北美前驱纵向研究（NAPLS-3）（N=698）的年龄为12-30岁的CHR参与者根据以下方面进行分组：“最少使用大麻”（n=406），“偶尔使用”(n=127)，或“频繁使用”(n=165)。在基线,使用大麻的群体在神经认知测试中进行了比较，临床,和功能措施。后续分析用于模拟大麻使用频率之间的关系，神经认知，病前,和社会功能。
结果：偶尔使用大麻的人在智商方面的表现明显优于其他使用群体，在神经认知领域观察到相似的趋势水平模式。偶尔大麻使用者表现出更好的社交能力，全球,与其他使用组相比，病前功能正常，与频繁使用组相比，症状较轻。后续结构方程建模/路径分析发现，病前功能之间存在显着的正相关关系，社会功能,和IQ,这反过来又与偶尔使用大麻的频率有关。
结论：更好的病前功能积极预测更好的社会功能和更高的智商，这反过来又与CHR的适度大麻使用模式有关。与首发和慢性精神病样本的报告相似。更好的病前功能可能代表CHR人群的保护因素，并预测更好的功能结果。
