Abstract：
Infants\' interactions with social partners are richly multimodal. Dyads respond to and coordinate their visual attention, gestures, vocalizations, speech, manual actions, and manipulations of objects. Although infants are typically described as active learners, previous experimental research has often focused on how infants learn from stimuli that is well-crafted by researchers. Recent research studying naturalistic, free-flowing interactions has explored the meaningful patterns in dyadic behavior that relate to language learning. Infants\' manual engagement and exploration of objects supports their visual attention, creates salient and diverse views of objects, and elicits labeling utterances from parents. In this chapter, we discuss how the cascade of behaviors created by infant multimodal attention plays a fundamental role in shaping their learning environment, supporting real-time word learning and predicting later vocabulary size. We draw from recent at-home and cross-cultural research to test the validity of our mechanistic pathway and discuss why hands matter so much for learning. Our goal is to convey the critical need for developmental scientists to study natural behavior and move beyond our \"tried-and-true\" paradigms, like screen-based tasks. By studying natural behavior, the role of infants\' hands in early language learning was revealed-though it was a behavior that was often uncoded, undiscussed, or not even allowed in decades of previous research. When we study infants in their natural environment, they can show us how they learn about and explore their world. Word learning is hands-on.
摘要：
婴儿与社交伙伴的互动是丰富的多模式。Dyads回应并协调他们的视觉注意力，手势,发声，演讲,手动操作,和物体的操纵。虽然婴儿通常被描述为活跃的学习者，以前的实验研究通常集中在婴儿如何从研究人员精心制作的刺激中学习。最近研究自然主义的研究，自由流动的互动探索了与语言学习有关的二元行为的有意义的模式。婴儿手动参与和探索物体支持他们的视觉注意力，创造物体的显著和多样化的视图，并引出父母的标签话语。在这一章中,我们讨论了婴儿多模式注意力产生的级联行为如何在塑造他们的学习环境中发挥基本作用，支持实时单词学习和预测以后的词汇量。我们从最近的家庭和跨文化研究中得出，以测试我们的机械途径的有效性，并讨论为什么手对学习如此重要。我们的目标是传达发展科学家研究自然行为并超越我们的“久经考验”范式的迫切需要，像基于屏幕的任务。通过研究自然行为，婴儿的手在早期语言学习中的作用被揭示-尽管这是一种通常未编码的行为，未讨论,甚至在过去几十年的研究中都不允许。当我们在自然环境中研究婴儿时，他们可以向我们展示他们如何了解和探索他们的世界。单词学习是动手的。
