PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Since the emergence of the first cerebral organoid (CO) in 2013, advancements have transformed central nervous system (CNS) research. Initial efforts focused on studying the morphogenesis of COs and creating reproducible models. Numerous methodologies have been proposed, enabling the design of the brain organoid to represent specific regions and spinal cord structures. CNS organoids now facilitate the study of a wide range of CNS diseases, from infections to tumors, which were previously difficult to investigate. We summarize the major advancements in CNS organoids, concerning morphogenetic designs and disease models. We examine the development of fabrication procedures and how these advancements have enabled the generation of region-specific brain organoids and spinal cord models. We highlight the application of these organoids in studying various CNS diseases, demonstrating the versatility and potential of organoid models in advancing our understanding of complex conditions. We discuss the current challenges in the field, including issues related to reproducibility, scalability, and the accurate recapitulation of the in vivo environment. We provide an outlook on prospective studies and future directions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art CNS organoid research, highlighting key developments, current challenges, and prospects in the field.
摘要：
自2013年第一个脑类器官（CO）出现以来，进展已经改变了中枢神经系统（CNS）的研究。最初的努力集中在研究CO的形态发生和创建可重复的模型。已经提出了许多方法，使脑类器官的设计能够代表特定区域和脊髓结构。CNS类器官现在促进了广泛的CNS疾病的研究，从感染到肿瘤，以前很难调查。我们总结了中枢神经系统类器官的主要进展，关于形态发生设计和疾病模型。我们研究了制造程序的发展，以及这些进步如何能够产生特定区域的脑类器官和脊髓模型。我们强调这些类器官在研究各种中枢神经系统疾病中的应用，展示了类器官模型在促进我们对复杂条件的理解方面的多功能性和潜力。我们讨论了该领域当前的挑战，包括与再现性有关的问题，可扩展性，以及对体内环境的准确概括。我们对前瞻性研究和未来方向进行了展望。这篇综述旨在全面概述最先进的CNS类器官研究，突出关键发展，当前的挑战,以及该领域的前景。
