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Abstract：
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium, ground-cover Chrysanthemums), one of the important garden flowers, has a high ornamental and economic value. However, its ornamental value is significantly diminished by the low temperature experienced in northeastern China. Here, metabolomics and transcriptomics were performed on three Chrysanthemum cultivars before and after a low temperature to investigate the dynamic metabolite changes and the molecular regulatory mechanisms. The results showed that 1324 annotated metabolites were detected, among which 327 were identified as flavonoids derived from Chrysanthemum. The accumulation of metabolites and gene expression related to the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway significantly increased in the three cultivars under the low temperature, indicating flavonoid metabolism actively participates in the Chrysanthemum cold response. Specifically, the content of cyanidin and pelargonidin derivatives and the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes significantly increases in XHBF, providing a reasonable explanation for the change in petal color from white to purple under the low temperature. Six candidate UDP-glycosyltransferase genes involved in the glycosylation of flavonoids were identified through correlation networks and phylogenetic analysis. CmNAC1, CmbZIP3, and other transcription factors potentially regulating flavonoid metabolism and responding to low temperatures were discovered by correlation analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). In conclusion, this study elucidated the specific response of flavonoids to low temperatures in Chrysanthemums, providing valuable insights and metabolic data for investigating cold tolerance.
摘要：
菊花（菊花，地面覆盖菊花)，一种重要的花园花，具有较高的观赏和经济价值。然而,中国东北经历的低温使其观赏价值大大降低。这里,对3个菊花品种低温前后进行代谢组学和转录组学研究,探讨其代谢动力学变化和分子调控机制。成果显示，1324种代谢物被检测到，其中327种被鉴定为菊花类黄酮。低温条件下,3个品种黄酮类生物合成途径相关的代谢产物积累和基因表达显著增加,表明类黄酮代谢积极参与菊花的冷反应。具体来说,在XHBF中，花青素和天花素衍生物的含量和花青素生物合成基因的表达显着增加，为低温下花瓣颜色从白色到紫色的变化提供了合理的解释。通过相关网络和系统发育分析鉴定了六个参与黄酮类化合物糖基化的候选UDP-糖基转移酶基因。通过相关性分析和加权基因共表达网络分析（WGCNA），发现了CmNAC1，CmbZIP3和其他可能调节类黄酮代谢和响应低温的转录因子。总之,这项研究阐明了菊花中黄酮类化合物对低温的特异性反应，为研究耐寒性提供有价值的见解和代谢数据。
