PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
A topic of recent debate is the hypothesis that deficits associated with developmental disorders of language, such as reading disability, can be explained by a selective weakness in procedural memory. Adults with (n = 29; RD) and without (n = 29; TD) reading disability completed a weather prediction task under immediate and delayed feedback conditions, that rely on the striatal (procedural) and hippocampal (declarative) circuits, respectively. We examined trial-by-trial accuracy by feedback condition (immediate vs. delayed) and group (RD vs. TD). In the immediate feedback condition, we found the TD group to have a higher learning rate than the RD group. In the delayed feedback condition, we found the TD group reach a high level of accuracy early, and outperform the RD group for the duration of the task. The TD group also made gains in reaction time under both conditions, while the RD group slowed in their responses. Taken together, it appears that while procedural memory is indeed impaired in adults with reading disability, to a lesser extent, declarative memory is also affected. This lends partial support to the PDH, and more broadly to the position that reading disability is associated with general (non-linguistic) difficulties in learning.
摘要：
最近争论的一个话题是假设，与语言发育障碍相关的缺陷，比如阅读障碍，可以用程序记忆的选择性弱点来解释。有（n=29;RD）和没有（n=29;TD）阅读障碍的成年人在即时和延迟反馈条件下完成了天气预报任务，依赖于纹状体（程序）和海马（声明性）回路，分别。我们通过反馈条件检查了逐个试验的准确性(即时与延迟)和组(RD与TD）。在即时反馈条件下，我们发现TD组的学习率高于RD组。在延迟反馈条件下，我们发现TD组很早就达到了很高的准确度，并在任务持续时间内优于RD组。在这两种条件下，TD组的反应时间也有所提高，而RD组的反应放慢了。一起来看,看来，尽管在有阅读障碍的成年人中，程序记忆确实受到了损害，在较小程度上，陈述性记忆也受到影响。这为PDH提供了部分支持，更广泛地说，阅读障碍与学习中的一般（非语言）困难有关。
