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Abstract：
A series of eleven public concerts (staging chamber music by Ludwig van Beethoven, Brett Dean, Johannes Brahms) was organized with the goal to analyze physiological synchronies within the audiences and associations of synchrony with psychological variables. We hypothesized that the music would induce synchronized physiology, which would be linked to participants\' aesthetic experiences, affect, and personality traits. Physiological measures (cardiac, electrodermal, respiration) of 695 participants were recorded during presentations. Before and after concerts, questionnaires provided self-report scales and standardized measures of participants\' affectivity, personality traits, aesthetic experiences and listening modes. Synchrony was computed by a cross-correlational algorithm to obtain, for each participant and physiological variable (heart rate, heart-rate variability, respiration rate, respiration, skin-conductance response), how much each individual participant contributed to overall audience synchrony. In hierarchical models, such synchrony contribution was used as the dependent and the various self-report scales as predictor variables. We found that physiology throughout audiences was significantly synchronized, as expected with the exception of breathing behavior. There were links between synchrony and affectivity. Personality moderated the synchrony levels: Openness was positively associated, Extraversion and Neuroticism negatively. Several factors of experiences and listening modes predicted synchrony. Emotional listening was associated with reduced, whereas both structual and sound-focused listening was associated with increased synchrony. We concluded with an updated, nuanced understanding of synchrony on the timescale of whole concerts, inviting elaboration by synchony studies on shorter timescales of music passages.
摘要：
一系列的11场公开音乐会（路德维希·范·贝多芬的室内音乐，布雷特·迪恩,JohannesBrahms）的组织目的是分析受众内部的生理同步以及同步与心理变量的关联。我们假设音乐会诱发同步生理，这将与参与者的审美体验有关，影响，和人格特质。生理测量(心脏，皮肤电,在演示期间记录了695名参与者的呼吸）。音乐会前后，问卷提供了自我报告量表和参与者情感的标准化衡量标准，人格特质，审美体验和聆听模式。通过交叉相关算法计算同步性，对于每个参与者和生理变量(心率，心率变异性,呼吸频率,呼吸,皮肤电导反应)，每个参与者对整体受众同步性的贡献。在层次模型中，这种同步贡献被用作因变量，各种自我报告量表被用作预测变量。我们发现整个观众的生理学是显著同步的，与预期的一样，呼吸行为除外。同步性和情感之间存在联系。人格调节了同步水平：开放性呈正相关，外倾和神经质消极。经验和聆听模式的几个因素预测了同步。情绪化的倾听与减少有关，而以结构和声音为中心的聆听都与同步性增加有关。我们总结了最新的信息，在整个音乐会的时间尺度上对同步性的细微差别理解，邀请synchony研究对音乐段落的较短时间尺度进行阐述。
