BACKGROUND: Due to cognitive impairments, people with dementia (PWD) often have difficulties in eating and drinking. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status, dietary quality and eating disturbance issues among PWD in Vietnam.
METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Vietnamese National Geriatric Hospital from April to December 2022. We used Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) to classify the severity levels of dementia. Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), 24-hour recall, eating disturbance questionnaires, and anthropometric indicators were used to evaluate the nutritional status, dietary quality, and eating disorders of study subjects.
RESULTS: Overall, among 63 study participants, 74.6 per cent of PWD were at risk of or having malnutrition. By dementia classification according to MMSE scale, people with moderate and severe dementia accounted for 53.3 per cent of those who met the recommended energy levels, compared to 42.4 per cent of people with mild dementia and normal people. In the above two groups, around three per cent of participants reached the recommended amount of fibre. Calcium (50-70%), vitamin A (80-90%), and D (90%) were found to be the most severe deficiency forms of minerals and vitamins in both male and female participants. The majority of participants (90.5%) had at least one form of eating disorders with the most frequent issue being appetite changes (76.2%) and swallowing issues (50.8%).
CONCLUSIONS: PWD in our sample frequently experienced malnutrition, a lack of essential nutrients, difficulties swallowing, changes in eating habits and appetite. It is neccesary to early screen and assess nutritional status and swallowing disturbance in PWD, and instruct their caregivers to prepare nutritious meals for them.

BACKGROUND: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a severe problem in women, and a well-balanced diet helps improve PMS symptoms. Eating disturbances are a major health problem in young women. Limited research has explored the correlation between eating behaviors and PMS symptoms in Japan. This study aimed to compare eating disturbances and the severity of PMS symptoms in college students.
METHODS: This study was conducted among female college students using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included basic information (age, height, and weight), PMS symptoms, and eating behaviors assessed using the Eating Attitudes Test 26.
RESULTS: The proportion of those with PMS symptoms who were disturbed by PMS symptoms was significantly higher in the group with eating disturbance. Those who were affected by the physical symptoms of PMS had significantly higher scores on the subscales related to diet, bulimia and food preoccupation.
CONCLUSIONS: The results showed an association between PMS symptom severity and eating disturbance. The findings of this study indicate that individuals with eating disturbances may experience adverse effects on PMS symptoms, even in cases where weight is not at the extremes of excessive underweight or obesity.

BACKGROUND: Studies about medical student\'s stress associated with disturbed eating behavior are scarce.
OBJECTIVE: To study the explanatory role of curricular factors and distress in disturbed eating behavior among medical students and whether this varies according to gender, study stage, curriculum model, study stress and mental distress.
METHODS: The cross-sectional sample surveyed consisted of Norwegian medical students at two faculties with different curricular models (traditional and integrated). The total response rate was 64% (1044/1635). We tested differences in disturbed eating behavior symptoms (EDS) and their correlates using stepwise linear regression analysis.
RESULTS: In total, 18.3% were cases of disturbed eating behavior symptoms, including 23.5% of female and 5.6% of male participants. Disturbed eating behavior symptoms were independently associated with the medical school stress factors \"medical school is cold and threatening\" (β = 0.07, p = .041), \"worries about work and competence\" (β =0.15, p < .001) and \"worries about finances and accommodation\" (β = 0.07, p = .018), in addition to female gender (β = 0.30, p < .001), mental distress (β = 0.17, p < .001), and body mass index (β = 0.28, p < .001). The variables explained 28.9% of the variance in disturbed eating behavior symptoms, and medical school stress contributed 9%. \"Worries about work and competence\" was more important among the female students.
CONCLUSIONS: Nearly one in five female medical students in the current sample reported symptoms of disturbed eating behavior. The symptoms were associated with medical school stress factors, mental distress, and body mass index.

This study aimed to investigate individual and team sports participation across sex, age, and levels of body mass index (BMI). We also wanted to explore how symptoms of disordered eating (DE) were associated with participation in individual and team sports, and to what extent BMI moderated this association.
Data stemmed from a large population-based survey of 10,172 Norwegian adolescents aged 16 to 19 years. Self-reported participation in organized team- and individual sports were the dependent variables. Self-reported symptoms of DE using the five-item Eating Disturbance Screening (EDS-5) questionnaire comprised the independent variable. Covariates included sex, age, socioeconomic status, and BMI. We used regression analyses for associations between DE symptoms and sports participation, including the interaction between DE and BMI.
Boys had higher team sports participation compared with girls. Individual and team sports participation varied significantly across BMI levels for each sex. Symptoms of DE were negatively associated with team sports participation (odds ratio [OR] = 0.90, p < 0.001), and were not significantly associated with individual sports participation. BMI scores moderated the association between DE symptoms and individual sports participation (p < 0.005). DE symptoms were associated with higher individual sports participation among individuals with low BMI, and with lower participation among those with high BMI.
DE symptoms are important correlates of sports participation among adolescents, but the direction of these associations partly differs across the weight spectrum. Promotion of factors that counteract DE is needed alongside efforts to increase physical activity and sports participation in the general adolescent population.

OBJECTIVE: Literature from the past five years exploring roles of Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) Restraint and Disinhibition in relation to adult obesity and eating disturbance (ED) was reviewed.
RESULTS: Restraint has a mixed impact on weight regulation, diet quality, and vulnerability to ED, where it is related detrimentally to weight regulation, diet, and psychopathology, yet can serve as a protective factor. The impact of Disinhibition is potently related to increased obesity, poorer diet, hedonically driven food choices, and a higher susceptibility to ED. Restraint and Disinhibition have distinct influences on obesity and ED and should be targeted differently in interventions. Further work is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying TFEQ eating behavior traits.

The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 Revised (SATAQ-4R) is a measure of internalization (or belief and acceptance) of muscular, thin/low body fat, and general attractiveness ideals; and of sociocultural pressures experienced from family, peers, media, and significant others to achieve the ideal body. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the SATAQ-4R scores in a sample of sexual minority (non-heterosexual) men and women. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to examine the factor structure in men (n = 479) and women (n = 482). The original 7-factor structure was replicated, and internal reliability coefficients for the seven subscale scores were acceptable (≥ .82 α and ω). For men and women, the thin/low body fat, family, peers, media, and significant others subscales exhibited significant positive medium-to-large associations with subscale scores on the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q), measuring aspects of eating pathology. The muscular ideal subscale exhibited a significant large correlation with the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS), measuring muscularity-related concerns. Both the muscular ideal and general attractiveness ideal subscale exhibited significant small or non-significant correlations with eating pathology. In sum, the SATAQ-4R scores demonstrated acceptable reliability and structural and convergent validity in samples of sexual minority men and women.

To explore the role of body-esteem and self-esteem in the occurrence of academic functioning problems associated with eating disturbances. Participants: 330 university students (aged 16-53 years) in Finland in 2016. Method: Interference with academic functioning measured with the Eating and Body Image Academic Interference Scale. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to describe the relationship of body-esteem, global self-esteem, and age with academic functioning problems associated with eating disturbances. Results: The level of academic functioning problems was low. High appearance-esteem (OR = 0.26; 95% CI [0.14-0.48]) and a five-year increase in age (OR = 0.68; 95% CI [0.52-0.89]) provided protection against academic functioning problems, whereas high evaluations attributed to others about one\'s body and appearance increased the odds of such problems (OR = 2.25; 95% CI [1.41-3.59]). Conclusion: Problems in academic functioning may relate to problems in eating behavior, body image, and feelings about appearance.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity is an important factor related to eating disorders, but the relationship between symptoms of eating disorders and physical activity is multifaceted. The aims of this study were to investigate how symptoms of eating disturbance (ED) were associated with physical activity, and to explore potential sex differences and the potential moderating effects from body mass index (BMI) scores.
METHODS: Data stem from a large population-based survey of 10,172 Norwegian adolescents aged 16 to 19 years, the youth@hordaland-survey. The main dependent variable was self-reported number of days with physical activity per week, while the main independent variable was self-reported symptoms of ED using the five-item Eating Disturbance Screening (EDS-5) questionnaire. Control variables included sex, age, socioeconomic status, and BMI.
RESULTS: Girls reported substantially more symptoms of ED compared with boys (M = 3.02 versus 1.32, d = 0.80, p < 0.001), as well as fewer days with physical activity per week (M = 2.88 versus 3.46, d = - 0.28, p < 0.001). For both sexes, symptoms of ED were negatively associated with physical activity (adjusted mean differences (adj. mean diff) ranging from - 0.03 to - 0.08, all p < 0.05). Interaction analyses showed, however, that associations between symptoms of ED and physical activity were significantly moderated by BMI scores for both girls (p < 0.01) and boys (p < 0.05). Specifically, ED symptoms were associated with lower physical activity levels among adolescents with higher BMI scores.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that symptoms of ED were overall negatively associated with physical activity for both sexes during adolescence. However, associations between ED symptoms and physical activity levels differed considerably across the weight spectrum.

BACKGROUND: Although there have been suggestions that central coherence may be associated with eating disturbances (EBD) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), relatively little attention has been given to specific aspects of IQ and EDB.
METHODS: The association between total IQ, perceptual and verbal composite scores and subtests was explored in a sample of 50 high-functioning girls with ASD (mean age = 9.7 years, SD = 2.4 years, range = 6 years to 14 years). Self-reports and mothers\' reports were collected about the girls\' EDB.
RESULTS: There were only isolated associations between mothers\' data and the girls\' IQ. Selected aspects of the girls\' self-reported EDB were significantly associated with matrix reasoning.
CONCLUSIONS: The role of IQ, particularly matrix reasoning, in the assessment and treatment of EDB in girls with ASD, is highlighted by these findings.

BACKGROUND: An association of eating disorder with diabetes mellitus may lead to a serious lack of metabolic control, higher mortality and morbidity. There is no recent study conducted in the Iranian population about eating disorder and its variants. The aim of the present study is investigation of frequency of disturbed eating behaviors in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) compared to non-diabetics.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, disturbed eating behavior were evaluated and compared in two groups of 12-22 year old adolescent and young females (126 with diabetes and 325 without diabetes). A self-report questionnaire including demographic data, Children\'s Depression Inventory (CDI), and Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) was used for data gathering. Independent t-test, Chi-square test, and logistic regression [odds ratio (OR)] were used for data analyses in SPSS 15.
RESULTS: Findings revealed that higher percentage of diabetic girls are likely to have eating disturbances (67.9% vs. 53.8%, P = 0.01). Diabetic group obtained higher scores in both dieting (14.95 ± 6.28 vs. 11.79 ± 5.62, P < 0.001) and bulimia scales (4.9 ± 3.13 vs. 4.12 ± 2.89, P = 0.017), which supports a role for T1DM in inducing the symptoms. Diabetic girls were at more than double the risk of developing eating disturbance.
CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that a significantly higher percentage of diabetic girls are likely to have eating disturbances. Also, diabetic subjects had an increased probability of getting higher scores in all three EAT-26 subscales. Therefore, healthcare professionals, especially diabetic nurses, should be aware of the potential effects of the subclinical and clinical eating behaviors on adolescents with T1DM and evaluate them for these disturbances.