Abstract：
There is considerable evidence linking cognitive reflection with utilitarian judgments in dilemmas that involve sacrificing someone else for the greater good. However, the evidence is mixed on the question of whether cognitive reflection is associated with utilitarian judgments in self-sacrificial dilemmas. We employed process dissociation to extract a self-sacrificial utilitarian (SU) parameter, an altruism (A) parameter, an other-sacrificial (OU) utilitarian parameter, and a deontology (D) parameter. In Study 1, the cognitive reflection test (CRT) positively correlated with both SU and OU (replicated in Studies 2 and 4, pre-registered). In Study 2, we found that instructing participants to rely on reason increased SU and OU (replicated in Study 4, pre-registered). In Study 3, we found that SU and OU positively correlated with giving in the single-game version of the public goods game (replicated in Study 4, pre-registered), which provides behavioral validation that they are genuine moral tendencies. Together, these studies constitute strong cumulative evidence that SU and OU are both valid measures that are associated with reliance on cognitive reflection.
摘要：
有相当多的证据将认知反思与困境中的功利主义判断联系在一起，这些困境涉及为了更大的利益而牺牲他人。然而,关于认知反思是否与自我牺牲困境中的功利主义判断有关的问题，证据参差不齐。我们采用过程解离来提取自我牺牲功利主义(SU)参数，利他主义(A)参数，另一种牺牲(OU)功利主义参数，和Deontology(D)参数。在研究1中，认知反射测验（CRT）与SU和OU呈正相关（在研究2和4中重复，预先注册）。在研究2中，我们发现指导参与者依靠理由增加SU和OU（在研究4中重复，预先注册）。在研究3中，我们发现SU和OU与公共物品游戏的单游戏版本（在研究4中复制，预注册）的给予呈正相关，这提供了行为验证，证明他们是真正的道德倾向。一起,这些研究构成了有力的累积证据,表明SU和OU都是与认知反射依赖相关的有效指标.
