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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The usage of fluoroquinolones in Norwegian livestock production is very low, including in broiler production. Historically, quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (QREC) isolated from Norwegian production animals rarely occur. However, with the introduction of a selective screening method for QREC in the Norwegian monitoring programme for antimicrobial resistance in the veterinary sector in 2014; 89.5% of broiler caecal samples and 70.7% of broiler meat samples were positive. This triggered the concern if there could be possible links between broiler and human reservoirs of QREC. We are addressing this by characterizing genomes of QREC from humans (healthy carriers and patients) and broiler isolates (meat and caecum).
RESULTS: The most frequent mechanism for quinolone resistance in both broiler and human E. coli isolates were mutations in the chromosomally located gyrA and parC genes, although plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) was also identified. There was some relatedness of the isolates within human and broiler groups, but little between these two groups. Further, some overlap was seen for isolates with the same sequence type isolated from broiler and humans, but overall, the SNP distance was high.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on data from this study, QREC from broiler makes a limited contribution to the incidence of QREC in humans in Norway.
RESULTS: The most frequent mechanism for quinolone resistance in both broiler and human E. coli isolates were mutations in the chromosomally located gyrA and parC genes, although plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) was also identified. There was some relatedness of the isolates within human and broiler groups, but little between these two groups. Further, some overlap was seen for isolates with the same sequence type isolated from broiler and humans, but overall, the SNP distance was high.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on data from this study, QREC from broiler makes a limited contribution to the incidence of QREC in humans in Norway.
摘要：
背景：挪威畜牧业生产中氟喹诺酮类药物的使用量非常低，包括在肉鸡生产中。历史上,从挪威生产动物中分离出的耐喹诺酮的大肠杆菌（QREC）很少发生。然而,随着2014年挪威兽医部门抗菌素耐药性监测计划引入QREC选择性筛选方法,89.5%的肉鸡盲肠样本和70.7%的肉鸡肉样本呈阳性.如果肉鸡和QREC的人类水库之间可能存在联系，这引发了人们的担忧。我们正在通过表征人类（健康携带者和患者）和肉鸡分离株（肉和盲肠）的QREC基因组来解决这个问题。
结果：肉鸡和人类大肠杆菌分离株中喹诺酮耐药的最常见机制是染色体定位的gyrA和parC基因突变，尽管也鉴定了质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药（PMQR）。人类和肉鸡群体中的分离株有一定的相关性，但这两组之间很少。Further,从肉鸡和人类分离的具有相同序列类型的分离株中发现了一些重叠，但总的来说,SNP距离较高。
结论：根据本研究的数据，来自肉鸡的QREC对挪威人类QREC的发病率贡献有限。
结果：肉鸡和人类大肠杆菌分离株中喹诺酮耐药的最常见机制是染色体定位的gyrA和parC基因突变，尽管也鉴定了质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药（PMQR）。人类和肉鸡群体中的分离株有一定的相关性，但这两组之间很少。Further,从肉鸡和人类分离的具有相同序列类型的分离株中发现了一些重叠，但总的来说,SNP距离较高。
结论：根据本研究的数据，来自肉鸡的QREC对挪威人类QREC的发病率贡献有限。
