Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Oral cavity is an ecological niche for colonization of staphylococci, which are a major bacterial species causing community-acquired infections in humans. In this study, prevalence, and characteristics of staphylococci in oral cavity and skin of healthy individuals were investigated in northern Japan.
METHODS: Saliva from oral cavity and swab from skin surface of hand were collected and cultured on selective media. Species of the isolates were identified genetically, and ST was determined for S. aureus and S. argenteus. Genes associated with antimicrobial resistance were detected by PCR.
RESULTS: Among 166 participants, a total of 75 S. aureus isolates were obtained from 61 individuals (37 %), and recovered more frequently in oral cavity (n = 48) than skin (n = 27). Among 23 STs identified in S. aureus isolates, ST8 (CC8), ST15 (CC15), and ST188 (CC1) were the most common (10 isolates each), with STs of CC1 being dominant (17 isolates). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was isolated in the skin of two individuals and belonged to ST1 and ST6. Resistance to erythromycin and gentamicin associated with erm(A) and aac(6\')-Ie-aph(2\")-Ia, respectively, was more commonly found in ST5 and ST8 isolates. One S. argenteus isolate (ST2250, mecA-negative) was recovered from oral cavity of a participant (0.6 %). A total of 186 isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were recovered from 102 participants and identified into 14 species, with S. warneri being the most common (n = 52), followed by S. capitis (n = 42), S. saprophyticus (n = 20) and S. haemolyticus (n = 19). mecA was detected in S. saprophyticus, S. haemolyticus, and S. caprae, while arginine-catabolic mobile element (ACME) in only S. capitis and S. epidermidis.
CONCLUSIONS: S. aureus was more prevalent in oral cavity than skin surface, belonging to three major STs, with CC1 being a dominant lineage. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was distinct depending on CoNS species.
METHODS: Saliva from oral cavity and swab from skin surface of hand were collected and cultured on selective media. Species of the isolates were identified genetically, and ST was determined for S. aureus and S. argenteus. Genes associated with antimicrobial resistance were detected by PCR.
RESULTS: Among 166 participants, a total of 75 S. aureus isolates were obtained from 61 individuals (37 %), and recovered more frequently in oral cavity (n = 48) than skin (n = 27). Among 23 STs identified in S. aureus isolates, ST8 (CC8), ST15 (CC15), and ST188 (CC1) were the most common (10 isolates each), with STs of CC1 being dominant (17 isolates). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was isolated in the skin of two individuals and belonged to ST1 and ST6. Resistance to erythromycin and gentamicin associated with erm(A) and aac(6\')-Ie-aph(2\")-Ia, respectively, was more commonly found in ST5 and ST8 isolates. One S. argenteus isolate (ST2250, mecA-negative) was recovered from oral cavity of a participant (0.6 %). A total of 186 isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were recovered from 102 participants and identified into 14 species, with S. warneri being the most common (n = 52), followed by S. capitis (n = 42), S. saprophyticus (n = 20) and S. haemolyticus (n = 19). mecA was detected in S. saprophyticus, S. haemolyticus, and S. caprae, while arginine-catabolic mobile element (ACME) in only S. capitis and S. epidermidis.
CONCLUSIONS: S. aureus was more prevalent in oral cavity than skin surface, belonging to three major STs, with CC1 being a dominant lineage. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was distinct depending on CoNS species.
摘要：
背景：口腔是葡萄球菌定植的生态位，这是导致人类社区获得性感染的主要细菌物种。在这项研究中,患病率,在日本北部研究了健康个体口腔和皮肤中葡萄球菌的特征。
方法：收集口腔唾液和手部皮肤表面拭子，并在选择性培养基上培养。分离株的物种是通过基因鉴定的，并测定了金黄色葡萄球菌和阿根廷链球菌的ST。通过PCR检测与抗菌药物耐药性相关的基因。
结果：在166名参与者中，总共从61名个体(37%)中获得了75株金黄色葡萄球菌分离株，在口腔（n=48）比皮肤（n=27）更频繁地恢复。在金黄色葡萄球菌分离物中鉴定的23种STs中，ST8(CC8),ST15(CC15),和ST188(CC1)是最常见的(每个10个分离株)，CC1的STs是显性的(17个分离株)。在两个个体的皮肤中分离出耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA），属于ST1和ST6。与erm（A）和aac（6'）-Ie-aph（2'）-Ia相关的红霉素和庆大霉素抗性，分别,更常见于ST5和ST8分离株。从参与者(0.6%)的口腔中回收了一种S.argenteus分离物(ST2250,mecA阴性)。从102名参与者中回收了186株凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CoNS），并鉴定为14种。S.warneri是最常见的(n=52)，其次是S.capitis（n=42），腐生链球菌(n=20)和溶血链球菌(n=19)。在腐生链球菌中检测到mecA，S、溶血病，还有S.Caprae,而精氨酸分解代谢活动元素（ACME）仅在头孢链球菌和表皮葡萄球菌中。
结论：S.金黄色葡萄球菌在口腔中比皮肤表面更普遍，属于三个主要的STS，CC1是显性谱系。抗生素耐药性的流行程度取决于CoNS物种。
方法：收集口腔唾液和手部皮肤表面拭子，并在选择性培养基上培养。分离株的物种是通过基因鉴定的，并测定了金黄色葡萄球菌和阿根廷链球菌的ST。通过PCR检测与抗菌药物耐药性相关的基因。
结果：在166名参与者中，总共从61名个体(37%)中获得了75株金黄色葡萄球菌分离株，在口腔（n=48）比皮肤（n=27）更频繁地恢复。在金黄色葡萄球菌分离物中鉴定的23种STs中，ST8(CC8),ST15(CC15),和ST188(CC1)是最常见的(每个10个分离株)，CC1的STs是显性的(17个分离株)。在两个个体的皮肤中分离出耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA），属于ST1和ST6。与erm（A）和aac（6'）-Ie-aph（2'）-Ia相关的红霉素和庆大霉素抗性，分别,更常见于ST5和ST8分离株。从参与者(0.6%)的口腔中回收了一种S.argenteus分离物(ST2250,mecA阴性)。从102名参与者中回收了186株凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CoNS），并鉴定为14种。S.warneri是最常见的(n=52)，其次是S.capitis（n=42），腐生链球菌(n=20)和溶血链球菌(n=19)。在腐生链球菌中检测到mecA，S、溶血病，还有S.Caprae,而精氨酸分解代谢活动元素（ACME）仅在头孢链球菌和表皮葡萄球菌中。
结论：S.金黄色葡萄球菌在口腔中比皮肤表面更普遍，属于三个主要的STS，CC1是显性谱系。抗生素耐药性的流行程度取决于CoNS物种。
