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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Orang Asli lifestyle and household setting may influence their health status especially respiratory system and lung functions. This cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the status of lung functions of Orang Asli community and the associated factors.
METHODS: Data collection was carried out from November 2017 until May 2018 among 211 Orang Asli respondents aged 18 years old and above, who lived in five villages in Tasik Chini, Pahang. All respondents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited in this study. Interview-guided questionnaire was administered, and spirometry test that include Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) was carried out. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23.0. In the first stage, descriptive analysis was done to describe the characteristics of the respondents. In the second stage, bivariable analysis was carried out to compare proportions. Finally, multiple logistic regression was performed to assess the effects of various independent predictors on spirometry parameters.
RESULTS: The respondents\' age ranged from 18 to 71 years old in which 50.2% of them were female. The majority ethnicity in Tasik Chini was Jakun tribe (94.3%). More than half of the respondents (52.1%) were current smoker, 5.2% were ex-smoker and 41.7% were non-smoker. More than half of them (62.1%) used woodstove for cooking, compared to only 37.9% used cleaner fuel like Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as a fuel for everyday cooking activity. The lung function parameters (FEV1 and FVC) were lower than the predictive value, whereas the ratio of Forced Expiratory Volume in one second and Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC) (%) and PEFR were within the predictive value. The FEV1 levels were significantly associated with age group (18-39 years old) (p = 0.002) and presence of woodstove in the house (p = 0.004). FVC levels were significantly associated with presence of woodstove in the house (p = 0.004), whereas there were no significant associations between all factors and FEV1/FVC levels.
CONCLUSIONS: FEV1 levels were significantly associated with age group 18-39 years old, whereas FVC levels were significantly associated with the presence of woodstove in the house. Thus, environmental interventions such as replacing the use of woodstove with LPG, need to be carried out to prevent further worsening of respiratory health among Orang Asli who lived far from health facilities. Moreover, closer health monitoring is crucial especially among the younger and productive age group.
METHODS: Data collection was carried out from November 2017 until May 2018 among 211 Orang Asli respondents aged 18 years old and above, who lived in five villages in Tasik Chini, Pahang. All respondents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited in this study. Interview-guided questionnaire was administered, and spirometry test that include Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) was carried out. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23.0. In the first stage, descriptive analysis was done to describe the characteristics of the respondents. In the second stage, bivariable analysis was carried out to compare proportions. Finally, multiple logistic regression was performed to assess the effects of various independent predictors on spirometry parameters.
RESULTS: The respondents\' age ranged from 18 to 71 years old in which 50.2% of them were female. The majority ethnicity in Tasik Chini was Jakun tribe (94.3%). More than half of the respondents (52.1%) were current smoker, 5.2% were ex-smoker and 41.7% were non-smoker. More than half of them (62.1%) used woodstove for cooking, compared to only 37.9% used cleaner fuel like Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as a fuel for everyday cooking activity. The lung function parameters (FEV1 and FVC) were lower than the predictive value, whereas the ratio of Forced Expiratory Volume in one second and Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC) (%) and PEFR were within the predictive value. The FEV1 levels were significantly associated with age group (18-39 years old) (p = 0.002) and presence of woodstove in the house (p = 0.004). FVC levels were significantly associated with presence of woodstove in the house (p = 0.004), whereas there were no significant associations between all factors and FEV1/FVC levels.
CONCLUSIONS: FEV1 levels were significantly associated with age group 18-39 years old, whereas FVC levels were significantly associated with the presence of woodstove in the house. Thus, environmental interventions such as replacing the use of woodstove with LPG, need to be carried out to prevent further worsening of respiratory health among Orang Asli who lived far from health facilities. Moreover, closer health monitoring is crucial especially among the younger and productive age group.
摘要：
背景：OrangAsli的生活方式和家庭环境可能会影响其健康状况，尤其是呼吸系统和肺功能。这项横断面研究旨在调查OrangAsli社区的肺功能状况及其相关因素。
方法：从2017年11月至2018年5月，对211名18岁及以上的OrangAsli受访者进行了数据收集，他住在塔西克·奇尼的五个村庄，彭亨.本研究招募了所有符合纳入标准的受访者。采用访谈指导问卷，和肺活量测定测试，包括一秒钟的强迫呼气量（FEV1），强制肺活量（FVC），并进行峰值呼气流速(PEFR)。使用SPSS软件23.0版分析数据。在第一阶段,进行描述性分析以描述受访者的特征.在第二阶段,进行双变量分析以比较比例。最后,我们进行了多元logistic回归,以评估各种独立预测因子对肺活量测定参数的影响.
结果：调查对象的年龄在18至71岁之间，其中50.2%为女性。TasikChini的大多数种族是Jakun部落（94.3％）。超过一半的受访者(52.1%)是目前的吸烟者,5.2％是前吸烟者，41.7％是非吸烟者。其中一半以上(62.1%)使用木炉做饭，相比之下，只有37.9%的人使用液化石油气(LPG)等清洁燃料作为日常烹饪活动的燃料。肺功能参数(FEV1和FVC)低于预测值,而第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量(FEV1/FVC)(%)和PEFR的比值均在预测值范围内。FEV1水平与年龄组（18-39岁）（p=0.002）和房屋中存在木炉（p=0.004）显着相关。FVC水平与房屋中的柴炉存在显着相关（p=0.004），而所有因素与FEV1/FVC水平之间无显著关联。
结论：FEV1水平与18-39岁年龄组显著相关，而FVC水平与房屋中木炉的存在显着相关。因此，环境干预措施，例如用液化石油气代替木炉，需要开展行动，以防止居住在远离医疗机构的OrangAsli的呼吸健康进一步恶化。此外，密切的健康监测至关重要，尤其是在年轻和有生产力的年龄组中。
方法：从2017年11月至2018年5月，对211名18岁及以上的OrangAsli受访者进行了数据收集，他住在塔西克·奇尼的五个村庄，彭亨.本研究招募了所有符合纳入标准的受访者。采用访谈指导问卷，和肺活量测定测试，包括一秒钟的强迫呼气量（FEV1），强制肺活量（FVC），并进行峰值呼气流速(PEFR)。使用SPSS软件23.0版分析数据。在第一阶段,进行描述性分析以描述受访者的特征.在第二阶段,进行双变量分析以比较比例。最后,我们进行了多元logistic回归,以评估各种独立预测因子对肺活量测定参数的影响.
结果：调查对象的年龄在18至71岁之间，其中50.2%为女性。TasikChini的大多数种族是Jakun部落（94.3％）。超过一半的受访者(52.1%)是目前的吸烟者,5.2％是前吸烟者，41.7％是非吸烟者。其中一半以上(62.1%)使用木炉做饭，相比之下，只有37.9%的人使用液化石油气(LPG)等清洁燃料作为日常烹饪活动的燃料。肺功能参数(FEV1和FVC)低于预测值,而第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量(FEV1/FVC)(%)和PEFR的比值均在预测值范围内。FEV1水平与年龄组（18-39岁）（p=0.002）和房屋中存在木炉（p=0.004）显着相关。FVC水平与房屋中的柴炉存在显着相关（p=0.004），而所有因素与FEV1/FVC水平之间无显著关联。
结论：FEV1水平与18-39岁年龄组显著相关，而FVC水平与房屋中木炉的存在显着相关。因此，环境干预措施，例如用液化石油气代替木炉，需要开展行动，以防止居住在远离医疗机构的OrangAsli的呼吸健康进一步恶化。此外，密切的健康监测至关重要，尤其是在年轻和有生产力的年龄组中。
