PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Interpersonal violence is a phenomenon that can occur with different people and conditions. However, people with intellectual disabilities have increased vulnerability to this problem, with potential risks to their health and well-being. The aim of this study was to identify the sociodemographic characteristics of people with disabilities who have been victims of interpersonal violence, the profile of the perpetrators and the measures taken after the victims have been cared for.
METHODS: This is an exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study using the Interpersonal Violence Notification Forms entered into the Brazilian Ministry of Health\'s Notifiable Diseases Information System. The city of São Paulo was chosen as the setting because it is the largest city in Latin America and has a faster data processing system than other cities. The period covered notifications made between 2016 and 2022. The information was collected between October and November 2023 and a univariate statistical analysis was carried out. Fisher\'s exact test was used, with a significance level of 5% (α = 0.05).
RESULTS: There were 4,603 notifications against people with intellectual disabilities in the period. The forms of physical violence, neglect/abandonment and psychological/moral violence were more frequent in the 15-19 age group, while sexual violence was more frequent in the 10-14 age group (p < 0.001). The sex most often attacked was female in all the forms investigated (p < 0.001) and the skin colors of the most victimized people were black and/or brown, except in cases of neglect/abandonment (p = 0.058). Most of the victims had little schooling (p = 0.012). The aggressions were committed by one person (p < 0.001), known or related to the victim, such as mother or father, except in cases of sexual violence, where strangers were the main perpetrators (p < 0.001). The sex of the perpetrator was male, except in cases of neglect and/or abandonment (p < 0.001), and the age was between 25 and 29 (p = 0.004). In cases of sexual violence, rape was the most frequent and the procedures carried out were blood collection followed by prophylaxis for Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) were the main procedures carried out by health professionals (p = 0.004). The majority of referrals made after receiving care were to the health and social assistance network, with few referrals to bodies such as the human rights reference center, guardianship council and police stations (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: People with intellectual disabilities are highly vulnerable to the forms of violence studied, especially children and adolescents, black or brown, with low levels of education. The perpetrators are usually close people, male and older than the victims. The referrals made by health professionals did not prioritize the victim\'s safety and the guarantee of human rights. Lines of care for the health of victims of violence should be implemented, taking into account special aspects, such as people with intellectual disabilities, whose search for help can be difficult.
METHODS: This is an exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study using the Interpersonal Violence Notification Forms entered into the Brazilian Ministry of Health\'s Notifiable Diseases Information System. The city of São Paulo was chosen as the setting because it is the largest city in Latin America and has a faster data processing system than other cities. The period covered notifications made between 2016 and 2022. The information was collected between October and November 2023 and a univariate statistical analysis was carried out. Fisher\'s exact test was used, with a significance level of 5% (α = 0.05).
RESULTS: There were 4,603 notifications against people with intellectual disabilities in the period. The forms of physical violence, neglect/abandonment and psychological/moral violence were more frequent in the 15-19 age group, while sexual violence was more frequent in the 10-14 age group (p < 0.001). The sex most often attacked was female in all the forms investigated (p < 0.001) and the skin colors of the most victimized people were black and/or brown, except in cases of neglect/abandonment (p = 0.058). Most of the victims had little schooling (p = 0.012). The aggressions were committed by one person (p < 0.001), known or related to the victim, such as mother or father, except in cases of sexual violence, where strangers were the main perpetrators (p < 0.001). The sex of the perpetrator was male, except in cases of neglect and/or abandonment (p < 0.001), and the age was between 25 and 29 (p = 0.004). In cases of sexual violence, rape was the most frequent and the procedures carried out were blood collection followed by prophylaxis for Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) were the main procedures carried out by health professionals (p = 0.004). The majority of referrals made after receiving care were to the health and social assistance network, with few referrals to bodies such as the human rights reference center, guardianship council and police stations (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: People with intellectual disabilities are highly vulnerable to the forms of violence studied, especially children and adolescents, black or brown, with low levels of education. The perpetrators are usually close people, male and older than the victims. The referrals made by health professionals did not prioritize the victim\'s safety and the guarantee of human rights. Lines of care for the health of victims of violence should be implemented, taking into account special aspects, such as people with intellectual disabilities, whose search for help can be difficult.
摘要：
背景：人际暴力是一种可以在不同的人和条件下发生的现象。然而,智障人士更容易受到这个问题的影响，对他们的健康和福祉有潜在风险。这项研究的目的是确定作为人际暴力受害者的残疾人的社会人口统计学特征，肇事者的概况和受害者得到照顾后采取的措施。
方法：这是一个探索性的，描述性,描述性使用进入巴西卫生部的应报告疾病信息系统的人际暴力通知表进行横断面研究。之所以选择圣保罗市，是因为它是拉丁美洲最大的城市，并且拥有比其他城市更快的数据处理系统。该期间涵盖2016年至2022年之间的通知。该信息是在2023年10月至11月之间收集的，并进行了单变量统计分析。使用费希尔的精确检验，显著性水平为5%(α=0.05)。
结果：在此期间，共有4,603份针对智障人士的通知。身体暴力的形式，忽视/遗弃和心理/道德暴力在15-19岁年龄组更为频繁，而性暴力在10-14岁年龄组更频繁(p<0.001)。在所调查的所有形式中，最常攻击的性别是女性（p<0.001），受害最深的人的肤色是黑色和/或棕色，除了忽视/放弃的情况(p=0.058)。大多数受害者接受的教育很少（p=0.012）。侵略是由一个人犯下的(p<0.001)，已知或与受害者有关，如母亲或父亲，除了性暴力案件,其中陌生人是主要肇事者(p<0.001)。肇事者的性别是男性，除了忽视和/或放弃的情况(p<0.001)，年龄在25至29岁之间（p=0.004）。在性暴力案件中，强奸是最常见的，所进行的程序是采血，然后预防性传播感染（STIs）是卫生专业人员进行的主要程序（p=0.004）。在接受护理后，大多数转介给健康和社会援助网络，很少向人权参考中心等机构推荐，监护委员会和警察局(p<0.001)。
结论：智障人士极易受到所研究的暴力形式的影响，尤其是儿童和青少年，黑色或棕色，教育水平低。肇事者通常是亲密的人，男性，比受害者年长。卫生专业人员的转诊没有优先考虑受害者的安全和人权保障。应实施对暴力受害者健康的照顾，考虑到特殊方面，比如智障人士，寻求帮助可能很困难。
方法：这是一个探索性的，描述性,描述性使用进入巴西卫生部的应报告疾病信息系统的人际暴力通知表进行横断面研究。之所以选择圣保罗市，是因为它是拉丁美洲最大的城市，并且拥有比其他城市更快的数据处理系统。该期间涵盖2016年至2022年之间的通知。该信息是在2023年10月至11月之间收集的，并进行了单变量统计分析。使用费希尔的精确检验，显著性水平为5%(α=0.05)。
结果：在此期间，共有4,603份针对智障人士的通知。身体暴力的形式，忽视/遗弃和心理/道德暴力在15-19岁年龄组更为频繁，而性暴力在10-14岁年龄组更频繁(p<0.001)。在所调查的所有形式中，最常攻击的性别是女性（p<0.001），受害最深的人的肤色是黑色和/或棕色，除了忽视/放弃的情况(p=0.058)。大多数受害者接受的教育很少（p=0.012）。侵略是由一个人犯下的(p<0.001)，已知或与受害者有关，如母亲或父亲，除了性暴力案件,其中陌生人是主要肇事者(p<0.001)。肇事者的性别是男性，除了忽视和/或放弃的情况(p<0.001)，年龄在25至29岁之间（p=0.004）。在性暴力案件中，强奸是最常见的，所进行的程序是采血，然后预防性传播感染（STIs）是卫生专业人员进行的主要程序（p=0.004）。在接受护理后，大多数转介给健康和社会援助网络，很少向人权参考中心等机构推荐，监护委员会和警察局(p<0.001)。
结论：智障人士极易受到所研究的暴力形式的影响，尤其是儿童和青少年，黑色或棕色，教育水平低。肇事者通常是亲密的人，男性，比受害者年长。卫生专业人员的转诊没有优先考虑受害者的安全和人权保障。应实施对暴力受害者健康的照顾，考虑到特殊方面，比如智障人士，寻求帮助可能很困难。
