背景:较高的酒精利用率与较高的酒精消耗和伤害水平有关。酒精越来越多地在网上获得,通常由第三方司机提供快速交付。从公共卫生的角度来看,远程交付和在线可用性很重要,但迄今为止,相对较少的研究探索在线平台提供的酒精的可用性。
目的:这项横断面探索性研究描述了伦敦第三方平台Deliveroo上酒精的可用性,英格兰。
方法:我们提取了每个伦敦行政区在Deliveroo上提供酒精的商店数量,并将其转换为每1000人口(18-64岁)的原油价格。商店被归类为专门出售酒精的商店,关闭许可证,和溢价。我们计算了皮尔逊相关系数,以探索每1000人的行政区的粗出口率与多重剥夺平均指数(IMD)2019得分之间的关联。我们提取了销售烟草或电子烟的网点数量,并使用了非Deliveroo驱动程序。我们按出口类型(总共60个)搜索了向大多数行政区提供服务的前20个出口的地址,以确定其相关前提。
结果:我们确定了伦敦共有4277家提供酒精饮料的Deliveroo商店,包括在多个行政区提供服务的网点。每1000名18-64岁人口的粗出口率为0.73,每个行政区的出口率为0.22至2.29。大多数商店专门出售酒精(3086/4277,72.2%),其次是免许可(770/4277,18.0%)和溢价(421/4277,9.8%)。大多数专门销售酒精的商店出售烟草或电子烟(2951/3086,95.6%),在较小程度上(588/770,76.4%)。大多数商店专门提供未被Deliveroo雇用的酒精司机(2887/3086,93.6%),而高端网点(50/421,11.9%)和非许可网点(73/770,9.5%)则相反。有1049个独特的出口,其中396家(37.8%)专门提供酒精饮料-这些商店倾向于在多个行政区提供服务,不像非许可证和高级商店。在已确认地址的网点中,85%(17/20)的专门提供酒精的商店将自助储存单位列为相关前提,11%(2/19)的免许可证,和12%(2/17)的优质网点。WefoundnosignificantrelationshipbetweenboroughIMDscoresandcruderateofoutsionsper1000popular(P=.87)orbyanyoutlettype:exclusivelyalcohol(P=.41),免许可证(P=.58),和保费(P=0.18)。
结论:总部位于伦敦的提供酒精的Deliveroo商店很常见,有时会从具有禁止酒精储存政策的自助储存单位运营。鉴于酒精的可获得性与消费或危害之间的关系,这一点以及增加在线酒精可及性的潜力对公共卫生具有影响。有必要确保分娩条例足以保护儿童和弱势成年人。《2003年许可法》可能要求数字时代的现代化。未来的研究必须探索在线酒精可用性和剥夺之间的关系。
BACKGROUND: Higher availability of alcohol is associated with higher levels of alcohol consumption and harm. Alcohol is increasingly accessible online, with rapid delivery often offered by a third-party driver. Remote delivery and online availability are important from a public health perspective, but to date, relatively little research has explored the availability of alcohol offered by online platforms.
OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional exploratory study describes the availability of alcohol on the third-party platform Deliveroo within London, England.
METHODS: We extracted the number of outlets offering alcohol on Deliveroo for each London borough and converted these into crude rates per 1000 population (18-64 years). Outlets were grouped as outlets exclusively selling alcohol, off-licenses, and premium. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients to explore the association between borough\'s crude rate of outlets per 1000 population and average Indices of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2019 scores. We extracted the number of outlets also selling tobacco or e-cigarettes and used non-Deliveroo drivers. We searched addresses of the top 20 outlets delivering to the most boroughs by outlet type (60 total) to determine their associated premise.
RESULTS: We identified 4277 total Deliveroo-based outlets offering alcohol across London, including outlets delivering in multiple boroughs. The crude rate of outlets per 1000 population aged 18-64 years was 0.73 and ranged from 0.22 to 2.29 per borough. Most outlets exclusively sold alcohol (3086/4277, 72.2%), followed by off-licenses (770/4277, 18.0%) and premium (421/4277, 9.8%). The majority of outlets exclusively selling alcohol sold tobacco or e-cigarettes (2951/3086, 95.6%) as did off-licenses to a lesser extent (588/770, 76.4%). Most outlets exclusively offering alcohol used drivers not employed by Deliveroo (2887/3086, 93.6%), and the inverse was true for premium outlets (50/421, 11.9%) and off-licenses (73/770, 9.5%). There were 1049 unique outlets, of which 396 (37.8%) were exclusively offering alcohol-these outlets tended to deliver across multiple boroughs unlike off-licenses and premium outlets. Of outlets with confirmed addresses, self-storage units were listed as the associated premise for 85% (17/20) of outlets exclusively offering alcohol, 11% (2/19) of off-licenses, and 12% (2/17) of premium outlets. We found no significant relationship between borough IMD scores and crude rate of outlets per 1000 population overall (P=.87) or by any outlet type: exclusively alcohol (P=.41), off-license (P=.58), and premium (P=.18).
CONCLUSIONS: London-based Deliveroo outlets offering alcohol are common and are sometimes operating from self-storage units that have policies prohibiting alcohol storage. This and the potential for increased alcohol accessibility online have implications for public health given the relationship between alcohol\'s availability and consumption or harm. There is a need to ensure that regulations for delivery are adequate for protecting children and vulnerable adults. The Licensing Act 2003 may require modernization in the digital age. Future research must explore a relationship between online alcohol availability and deprivation.